I-10 Essential PLC Amathiphu Awusizo
I-10 Essential PLC Amathiphu Awusizo
Kuzicelo zansuku zonke ze-PLC, ukwazi lawa macebiso asebenzayo kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwakho nokusebenza kahle kwakho. Nazi izindlela eziyishumi ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:
1. Izinkinga Zokumisa
Amasistimu we-PLC anezidingo eziqinile zokubeka phansi. Kunconywa uhlelo lokumisa phansi oluzimele, oluzinikele, futhi zonke izinto eziphathelene nazo kufanele zibekwe phansi ngendlela efanele. Ukuxhuma amaphoyinti amaningi okusekela amasekethe kungabangela amaza angalindelekile, okuholela emaphutha engqondo noma umonakalo wesifunda. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izindawo eziphansi zihlukaniswa ngokomzimba futhi zixhunywa ngezintambo zokuxhumana noma izinzwa.Amasistimu e-PLC ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-single-point grounding. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile, ubuchwepheshe basemhlabeni obuvikelekile bungasetshenziswa kumasiginali e-analog. Lokhu kuhilela ukubekwa phansi kwephuzu elilodwa kwesihlangu sekhebula lesignali nokuntanta iluphu yesignali, enokumelana nokufakwa kusuka emhlabathini ongekho ngaphansi kuka-50MΩ.
2. Ukubhekana Nokuphazamiseka
Izindawo zezimboni zithambekele ekuphazamisekeni kwefrikhwensi ephezulu - kanye nephansi, evame ukwethulwa ngamakhebula axhunywe kumishini yesayithi. Ngokungeziwe ekusekelweni okufanele, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokulwa nokuphazamiseka kufanele zithathwe ekwakhiweni kwekhebula, ukukhetha, nokufakwa:
Ukuze uthole amasignali e-analog, sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe kabili.
Ukuze uthole amasignali we-high-speed pulse, sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle futhi ugweme ukuphazamiseka kwamasignali asezingeni eliphansi.
Kuzintambo zokuxhumana ze-PLC, izintambo ezihlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi ziyanconywa. Ezinhlelweni ezingabalulekile kangako, izintambo ezisontekile ezivikelekile zingasetshenziswa.
Ungayilayini imigqa yesiginali ye-analog, imigqa yesiginali ye-DC, nemigqa yesignali ye-AC kumgudu ofanayo.
Izintambo ezivikelekile ezingena noma eziphumayo emakhabetheni okulawula kufanele zisekelwe ngokuqondile emishinini ngaphandle kokudlula kumatheminali.
Amasignali e-AC, amasignali e-DC, namasignali e-analog akufanele abe nekhebula efanayo. Izintambo zikagesi kufanele zihanjiswe ngokuhlukana nezintambo zesignali.
Ukuze ubhekane nokuphazamiseka kwesayithi, sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile emigqeni ethintekile bese uwafaka kabusha. Noma, engeza ikhodi yokuhlunga yokulwa nokuphazamiseka ohlelweni.
3. Ukuqeda Ulayini - kuya - Amandla Elayini Ukuvimbela Ukungalungi
Amandla akhona phakathi kwamakhondatha anoma iyiphi ikhebula. Ngisho nezintambo eziqeqeshiwe zinebanga elithile le-capacitance. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubude bekhebula budlula imikhawulo enconyiwe, amandla omugqa - kuya kumugqa angabangela ukungahambi kahle kwe-PLC. Lokhu kungase kuphumele ezenzakalweni ezingachazeki, ezifana nezintambo ezifanele kodwa kungabikho impendulo yokufaka ye-PLC, noma okokufaka kwe-PLC okuphazamisana. Ukuxazulula lokhu:
Sebenzisa izintambo ezinama-cores asontekile.
Nciphisa ubude bekhebula.
Hlukanisa okokufaka okuphazamisayo ngezintambo ezizinikele.
Sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile.
4. Ukukhetha Amamojula Okukhiphayo
Amamojula okukhipha ayatholakala ngezinhlobo ze-transistor, triac, ne-relay:
Amamojula ohlobo lwe-Transistor anikeza isivinini sokushintsha esisheshayo (imvamisa engu-0.2 ms) kodwa abe nomthamo ophansi wokulayisha (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Afanele ukushintshwa okusheshayo - okushintshwayo kanye namadivaysi ahlobene nesignali futhi avame ukusetshenziswa neziguquli zefrikhwensi namadivayisi e-DC. Qaphela umthelela wokuvuza kwamanje kwe-transistor emithwalweni.
Amamojula ohlobo lwe-Triac athintana naye - mancane futhi afanele ukulayishwa kwe-AC kodwa anomthamo olinganiselwe wokulayisha.
I-Relay - uhlobo lwamamojula asekela ukulayishwa kwe-AC ne-DC futhi anomthamo omkhulu wokulayisha. Ngokuvamile ziyinketho yokuqala yokulawula okujwayelekile kodwa zinesivinini sokushintsha esihamba kancane (cishe u-10 ms), okuzenza zingafaneleki izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu.
5. Ukuphatha Inverter Over - Voltage futhi Over - Yamanje
Lapho unciphisa isivinini ngokwehlisa inani elibekiwe, injini ingase ingene kumodi yokubhuleka yokuvuselela. Amandla abuyiselwe ku-inverter akhuphula i-voltage kuyo yonke i-capacitor yesihlungi, okungase kubangele ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage. Ukuze ubhekane nalokhu, engeza i-resistor yokubhuleka yangaphandle ukuze uchithe amandla okuvuselela kabusha.
Lapho i-inverter ishayela amamotho amancane amaningi, iphutha elingaphezu kwamandla enjini eyodwa lingabangela isiguquli ukuba sihambe, simise wonke amamotho axhunyiwe. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, faka i-1:1 isolation transformer ohlangothini lokuphumayo lwe-inverter. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisinga yephutha ivalelwe ku-transformer, ivikela i-inverter ekukhubekeni.
6. Okokufaka ilebula kanye Nemiphumela Yokunakekela Okulula
Ama-PLC alawula amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi anamatheminali amaningi okokufaka nokukhiphayo, izibani zezinkomba, nezinombolo ze-PLC. Ukuze kube lula ukuxazulula inkinga:
Dala itafula ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lukagesi bese ulibeka kuphaneli yokulawula imishini noma ikhabethe. Faka ohlwini inombolo yetheminali ngayinye ye-PLC nezimpawu zikagesi ezihambisanayo namagama esiShayina.
Kulabo abangajwayelene nenqubo yokusebenza noma imidwebo yesitebhisi, thuthukisa okokufaka kwe-PLC - ithebula lomsebenzi we-output logic. Leli thebula libonisa ubudlelwano obunengqondo phakathi kwamasekhethi okokufaka nokukhiphayo phakathi nokusebenza.
7. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha Ngokusebenzisa I-Logic Yohlelo
Ngokuhlukahluka okubanzi kwama-PLC atholakalayo, iladi - imiyalelo yomdwebo wama-PLC asezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile iyafana. Kuma-PLC aphezulu njenge-S7 - 300, izinhlelo eziningi zibhalwa ngombhalo ohleliwe. Imidwebo yesitebhisi esebenzayo kufanele ifake izichasiselo zezimpawu zesiShayina ukuze kube lula ukuqonda. Lapho kuhlaziywa amaphutha kagesi, indlela yokubheka emuva isetshenziswa kakhulu. Kusukela endaweni yephutha, thola i-PLC ehambisanayo yokukhiphayo bese ulandelela emuva ubudlelwano obunengqondo obudingekayo ukuze isebenze. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi ukukhomba inkinga eyodwa ngokuvamile kuxazulula iphutha, njengoba amaphutha amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa awavamile.
8. Ukwahlulela Amaphutha e-PLC
Ama-PLC athembeke kakhulu ngezinga eliphansi lokuhluleka. Ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha njengokulimala kwe-PLC noma kwe-CPU, noma amaphutha esofthiwe, cishe akukho - khona. Amaphuzu okokufaka we-PLC mancane amathuba okuthi ahluleke ngaphandle uma engaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ngokufanayo, abathintwayo be-PLC abadluliselwe kokuphumayo banesikhathi eside bephila ngaphandle uma belayishwe ngokweqile ngenxa yamasekhethi amafushane omthwalo we-peripheral noma amaphutha edizayini. Lapho uxazulula izinkinga zikagesi, gxila ezintweni zikagesi eziseduze kunokusola ihadiwe ye-PLC noma izinkinga zesofthiwe. Le ndlela ibalulekile ukuze kulungiswe ngokushesha futhi kuncishiswe isikhathi sokukhiqiza.
9. Ukusebenzisa Ngokugcwele Isofthiwe Nezinsiza Zekhompuyutha
Imiyalo engabandakanyeki kuluphu yokulawula noma yenziwe yasebenza ngaphambi kokuthi iluphu ingafakwa ku-PLC.
Uma imiyalo eminingi ilawula umsebenzi owodwa, ingaxhunywa ngokufana ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba ixhunywe endaweni yokufaka.
Sebenzisa izingxenye ezithambile zangaphakathi ze-PLC kanye nezifunda ezimaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokuqhubeka kohlelo, ukwenza intuthuko ibe lula futhi kwehlise izindleko zehadiwe.
Lapho kungenzeka khona, gcina okukhiphayo ngakunye ngokwehlukana ukuze kube lula ukulawula nokuhlola, nokuvikela amanye amasekhethi okukhiphayo. Iphutha endaweni eyodwa yokukhipha izothinta kuphela isekethe ehambisanayo yokuphumayo.
Ngemiphumela elawula imithwalo eqondiswa kabili, sebenzisa ukuxhumanisa kokubili ohlelweni lwe-PLC nangaphandle ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza komthwalo oqondiswa kabili.
Izitobhi eziphuthumayo zama-PLC kufanele zisebenzise amaswishi angaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
10. Ezinye Izindlela Zokuqapha
Ungalokothi uxhume izintambo zikagesi ze-AC kumatheminali okokufaka we-PLC ukuze ugweme ukulimaza i-PLC.
Amatheminali aphansi kufanele asekelwe ngokuzimele, angaxhunywanga ochungechungeni nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Intambo yaphansi kufanele ibe nendawo eyisiphambano engengaphansi kuka-2mm².
Izinsiza zamandla ezisizayo zinomthamo olinganiselwe futhi zinganika amandla amancane kuphela - amadivayisi anamandla njengezinzwa ze-photoelectric.
Amanye ama-PLC anenombolo ethile yamatheminali amakheli angasetshenzisiwe. Ungaxhumi izintambo kulezi.
Uma lungekho umshini wokuvikela kusekethe yokukhiphayo ye-PLC, faka ama-fuse noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zokuvikela kusekethe yangaphandle ukuze uvimbele amasekhethi amafushane okulayisha ukuthi angalimazi isistimu.