Izinsimbi zokuhlaziya imvelo: Abaqaphi beplanethi yethu

2025-08-07

Izinsimbi zokuhlaziya imvelo: Abaqaphi beplanethi yethu

Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvikela umoya wethu, amanzi, inhlabathi, amahlathi, namaxhaphozi, izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziya kanye nemishini yokusebenza kubalulekile. Nazi ezinye izinsimbi zokuhlaziya imvelo ezibalulekile kanye nezicelo zazo:

Uhlelo lokuqapha lwekhwalithi yomoya (AQM)

Uhlelo lokuqapha lwekhwalithi ye-Air (AQMS) luyakwazi ukuthola ngasikhathi sinye ukugxila kwezinhloso eziningi zokungcola emoyeni, kufaka phakathi i-SO2, cha, no2, no-nox, i-PM2.5, PM10). Isetshenziswa kabanzi eziteshini zokuqapha imvelo, eziteshini zemigwaqo emincane - iziteshi, kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha umoya. Ngokubheka ngokuqhubekayo ikhwalithi yomoya, i-AQMS ihlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuhlola amazinga okungcoliswa komoya futhi kusiza ukuqalisa izindlela zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomoya ezisebenzayo.

I-Online Hard Metal Analyzer

Abahlaziyi bensimbi esindayo be-inthanethi basebenzisa ukuhlaziya okubukelayo ukuqapha okuqukethwe okusindayo kwensimbi emanzini, amanzi angcolile, inhlabathi kanye nomoya ngesikhathi sangempela. Zitholakala ngezinhlobo ezintathu: I-X - Ray Fleorescence (XRF), i-Laboratory Bench - Phezulu, kanye ne-inthanethi - isilungele. Ama-XRF ama-spectrometers awawona amadivaysi okuhlaziya okuqala awonakalisayo asebenza ngama-athomu asampula ajabulisayo ukuze akhiphe i-X - imisebe, enika amandla ukutholwa okusheshayo kwe-multives Lokhu kuhlaziywa kubalulekile ekuqapheleni ukungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo emithonjeni yabezindaba ehlukahlukene nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yezemvelo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi Oku-inthanethi

Abahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamanzi eku-inthanethi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngokuqhubekayo qapha amapharamitha asemqoka wamanzi. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekulingweni kwezemvelo, ukuphuza ukuphepha kwamanzi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Amanye amapharamitha abucayi abawaqapha afaka phakathi:

I-turbidity: Inani elijwayelekile ≤ 1 Ntu
Ivelu ye-PH: Uhla lwe-6.5 - 8.5
I-Chlorine eyisalelayo: Amanzi akhishwe ngamanzi, 0.3 - 4 mg / l ukuqinisekisa ukubulala amagciwane aqhubekayo
Ama-solids acekiwe aphelele (ama-TDS): Chinese ejwayelekile ≤ 1000 mg / l

Ngokubheka lezi zinhlaka, abahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamanzi eku-inthanethi basiza ukugcina amazinga ekhwalithi yamanzi futhi bavikele izinsiza zamanzi.

Umtshina we-organic pollaturant

Ukutholwa kwe-organic pollocant kuhloswe amakhompiyutha anobuthi anobuthi anjenge-polycyclic ama-hydrocarbons nama-pesticide izinsalela. Basebenzisa i-chromatography yegesi - ubuningi be-spectrometry (GC - MS) ukuze ihlaziywe. Esigabeni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-Chromatographic, isampula livinjelwe futhi lihlukaniswe nge-chromatography Colog. Esigabeni sokutholwa kwe-Mass Spectrometry, izakhi ezihlukanisiwe zifaka umthombo we-ion we-ion, lapho zigcwele ama-ion. Lawa ma-Ion ahlungwa yi-quadrupole Mass Analyzer esuselwa ku-Mass yawo - kuya - ukushaja isilinganiso futhi aguqulwe abe yizimpawu zikagesi ngumtshina. Ukukhishwa kwedatha kubandakanya ukutolika i-Mass Spectra ukunquma izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokuhlanganisa izikhathi zokugcina ze-chromatographic zokuhlaziya okulungile kwezifanele. Ukuqina kwe-ion kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela entsha ifaka phakathi ukuhlaziya okukhulayo kuma-drones ukuyohlola ukuphuma kwe-VOC kuwo wonke amasayithi wezimboni, ngedatha edluliselwe ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo.

Sengiphetha, sinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuhlaziya kanye nemishini yokuhlobisa ukubhekana nomoya, inhlabathi kanye nokulungiswa kwamanzi. Ukhiye ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo la madivayisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza njengoba kuhloswe futhi afake isandla ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.