Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo Kogesi: Imibandela Yobunjiniyela Bakagesi
Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo Kogesi: Imibandela Yobunjiniyela Bakagesi
Amandla Asebenzayo
Esizukulwaneni, ekudlulisweni, nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla e-AC, ingxenye yamandla eguqulelwa kufomu lozibuthe kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi amandla asebenzayo.
Amandla Asebenzayo
Ekwenziweni, ukudluliselwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-AC, ingxenye yamandla ehilelekile ekushintshisaneni kwezinkambu kazibuthe kagesi ngaphakathi kwesekethe ibizwa ngokuthi amandla asebenzayo.
Uhlelo lwamandla
Isistimu kagesi ihlanganisa amajeneretha, okokusebenza kokusabalalisa, iziteshi ezincane zokukhuphuka nezisuka phansi, izintambo zikagesi, kanye nabasebenzisi bakagesi.
I-Neutral Point Displacement
Kumjikelezo wezigaba ezintathu, uma i-voltage yamandla ibhalansile futhi umthwalo wesigaba sesithathu ulingana, i-voltage yephoyinti engathathi hlangothi inguziro kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona umugqa ongathathi hlangothi. Kodwa-ke, uma umthwalo wezigaba ezintathu ungalingani futhi ungekho ulayini ongathathi hlangothi noma umugqa omaphakathi ubalulekile, i-voltage izovela endaweni emaphakathi. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-neutral point displacement.
I-Overvoltage yokusebenza
Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi wesikhashana okubangelwa ukujikeleza - ukusebenza kwe-breaker noma i-short - circuit and ground - izimo zephutha zibizwa ngokuthi ama-overvoltages okusebenza.
I-Resonant Overvoltage
Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa izimo ezizwakalayo kumandla - amasekhethi esistimu ngenxa yesekethe - ukusebenza kwe-breaker noma ukugcwala kwensimbi - izingxenye eziyinhloko zibizwa ngokuthi ama-resonant overvoltages.
Ukuxhumana Okuyinhloko Kagesi
Ezimbonini zamandla kagesi, iziteshi ezincane, nezinhlelo zikagesi, ukuxhuma okuyinhloko kukagesi kubhekisela kumjikelezo kagesi ophezulu ochaza ukuxhunywa kwezinto zikagesi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namandla - izimfuneko zokudlulisa kanye nokusebenza.
I-Double - Uxhumano Lwebhasi
Lokhu kulungiselelwa kufaka amasethi amabili wamabhasi: ibha yebhasi esebenzayo (I) kanye nebha yokulinda (II). Isekethe ngayinye ixhunywe kuzo zombili izingqimba zamabhasi nge-breaker circuit kanye namasethi amabili okushintsha okuhlukanisayo, namabhasi axhunywe i-bus - tie circuit breaker.
I-One - and - a - Half - Breaker Connection
Kulokhu kucushwa, i-elementi ngayinye (imigqa ephumayo noma imithombo yamandla) ixhunywe kumabhasi amabili ngokusebenzisa ama-circuit breaker amathathu, akha uxhumano "olulodwa - no-half - breaker", owaziwa nangokuthi uxhumano lwe-3/2.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini
* Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ukusebenza, ukuvalwa nokugcinwa kwesikhungo sikagesi silungiswa, kudingeka inani elikhulu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikagesi, ikakhulukazi imishini eqhutshwa yinjini, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini eyinhloko yesikhungo kanye nezinhlelo ezisizayo ezifana nokubamba amalahle, ukuchotshozwa kwamalahle, ukususwa komlotha, ukuqoqwa kothuli, nokuhlanza amanzi. Wonke amadivayisi kagesi asetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwesitshalo, ukulawula, ukuhlola, ukulungisa, nokukhanyisa awela ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini.
Izinga Lokusebenzisa Amandla Embonini
* Iphesenti likagesi osetshenziselwe izinjongo zamandla asefekthri uma kuqhathaniswa nengqikithi kagesi okhiqizwa isikhungo sibizwa ngezinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini, okuyinkomba yezomnotho eyinhloko yokusebenza kwesikhungo sikagesi.
Umthwalo Oqhubekayo
* Izimoto ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo nsuku zonke.
Umthwalo Ophakathi
* Imithwalo esetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, izingozi, noma ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuvalwa kwemishini namabhayela.
Umthwalo Oqhubekayo
* Imithwalo esebenza amahora angaphezu kwama-2 ngesikhathi.
Okufushane - Umthwalo Wesikhathi
* Imithwalo esebenza imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengama-120 ngesikhathi.
Umthwalo webhayisikili
* Imithwalo ejikeleza ngokuphindaphindiwe nenkathi engeqi emizuzwini eyi-10.
Self - Ukuqalisa kabusha kwe-Motors
* Uma kwenzeka ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kungazelelwe noma inyamalala kubha yokuhlinzeka yohlelo lwamandla efekthri, uma i-voltage yebhasi yebhasi ibuyela kokujwayelekile ngesikhathi esifushane (imvamisa imizuzwana engu-0.5 kuye ku-1.5) kuyilapho isivinini semoto singehla kakhulu noma sime, injini izozisheshisa yona ngokwayo futhi iqalise kabusha ukusebenza okuvamile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi self-restart of the motor.
Ukulahlekelwa Injabulo
* Isimo lapho ijeneretha ehambisanayo ilahlekelwa kancane noma ngokuphelele ukujabula kwayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa yinjabulo.
I-Excitation Control System
* Lonke uhlelo oluhlanganisa isilawuli esivusa amadlingozi, iyunithi yamandla avusa amadlingozi, kanye nejeneretha ngokwayo ibizwa ngokuthi isistimu yokulawula ukuvusa amadlingozi.
I-Self - Compounded Static Excitation System
* Isistimu evusa amadlingozi esebenzisa i-transformer exhunywe kokuphumayo kwejeneretha (okubizwa ngokuthi i-excitation transformer) njengomthombo wamandla ashukumisayo. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-silicon, inikeza injabulo ku-generator. Njengoba i-transformer evusa amadlingozi ixhunywe ngokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwejeneretha, le ndlela yokuvusa ibizwa ngokuthi i-self-compounded. Njengoba i-excitation transformer kanye ne-rectifier kuyizingxenye ezimile, isistimu yaziwa nangokuthi i-self-compounded static excitation system.
I-Instrument Transformer
* Iziguquli zamathuluzi yizinzwa ezisetshenziswa kumasistimu kagesi ukuze zinikeze ulwazi oluyisisekelo - lwamapharamitha kagesi wesekethe kuya kwesibili - amadivayisi wesekethe njengamathuluzi okulinganisa, ukuvikela ukudluliselwa, nezisetshenziswa ezishintshayo. Asebenza ngokuguqula ngokulinganayo ama-voltage aphezulu namaza amakhulu ukuze anciphise ama-voltage namaza amancane.
SF₆ I-Circuit Breaker
* I-circuit breaker esebenzisa igesi ye-SF₆, eyaziwa ngezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokucisha kanye ne-insulating, ibizwa nge-SF₆ circuit breaker. Ifaka umthamo oqinile wokuphazamisa kanye nosayizi ohlangene kodwa inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphezulu, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
* I-vacuum circuit breaker isebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-dielectric wevacuum ukucisha ama-arcs. Ibonakala nge-arc esheshayo - ukucisha, ukumelana ne-oxidation koxhumana nabo, impilo ende yesevisi, nosayizi ohlangene.
Ukusebenza Grounding
* Isisekelo sokusebenza sisho izinyathelo zokubeka phansi ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwezinhlelo zamandla. Isibonelo, ukugxilwa kwamaphoyinti aphakathi nendawo kumasistimu wamaphuzu asekelwe ngokuqondile kusiza ukuzinzisa amandla egridi futhi kuvumela ukuncishiswa kokufakwa phansi.
Lightning Protection Grounding
* Isisekelo sokuvikela umbani sisetshenziswa ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela umbani. Iqinisekisa ukuthi imisinga yombani iqondiswe kahle emhlabeni, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa umbani - i-overvoltages ebangelwa umbani futhi yaziwa nangokuthi i-overvoltage protection grounding.
I-Protective Grounding
* Eyaziwa nangokuthi isisekelo sokuphepha, isisekelo sokuvikela sisetshenziswa ukuvikela impilo yomuntu. Kuhilela ukuxhuma izivalo zensimbi (okuhlanganisa namashethi ekhebula) ezinto zikagesi ohlelweni lokubeka phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kokusebenza kwemishini.
Amathuluzi nokulawula Grounding
* Ukubekwa phansi kwamathuluzi nokulawula kubhekisela ezinyathelweni zokuqinisa ezisetshenziswa kumasistimu okulawula okushisayo, amasistimu okutholwa kwedatha, amasistimu okuqapha amakhompyutha, amasistimu okuvikela edluliselwe asekelwe ku-transistor - noma i-microprocessor, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezikude ezikhungweni zikagesi. Inhloso wukusimamisa amandla kagesi nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-electronic system grounding.
Grounding Resistance
* Ukumelana nokubeka phansi ukumelana okuhlangatshezwana nakho njengoba imanje igeleza ku-electrode ephansi ingene emhlabeni futhi isakazekela ngaphandle.
Amandla kagesi
*I-Voltage ichazwa njengomsebenzi owenziwe amandla kagesi ekususeni iyunithi yokushaja evumayo isuka kumandla aphezulu iye kwenamandla aphansi.
Okwamanje
* Okwamanje isenzakalo esingokomzimba sokuyalelwa, ukunyakaza okuqondisayo kwenani elikhulu lamashaji kagesi ngaphansi kwethonya lenkambu kagesi.
Ukumelana
* Ukumelana ukuphikiswa okuhlangatshezwana nakho amandla amanje ageleza ku-conductor. Ivela ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwama-electron amahhala nama-athomu noma ama-molecule ku-conductor ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwawo.
Ikalwe okwamanje Kwemoto
* Isilinganiso samanje semoto singumthamo omkhulu wamanje osebenzayo lapho injini ingasebenza khona ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
I-Power Factor yeMoto
* Isici samandla semoto isilinganiso samandla ayo asebenzayo alinganiselwe kumandla ayo abonakalayo alinganiselwe.
I-Voltage elinganiselwe yeMoto
* I-voltage elinganiselwe yenjini i-voltage kalayini lapho injini isebenza khona ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe.
Amandla Alinganiselwe Wemoto
* Amandla alinganiselwe enjini amandla aphumayo ayimishini kushafu yemoto lapho isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe.
Isivinini esilinganiselwe seMoto
* Isivinini esikaliwe senjini isivinini injini esebenza ngaso uma sinikezwa amandla kagesi alinganisiwe, imvamisa elinganiselwe, nangaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe.
Amandla System Oscillation
* I-oscillation yesistimu yamandla ibhekisela ekungazinzini okubangelwa iziphazamiso ezifana namaphutha olayini noma ama-circuit - breaker trips. Ibonakala njengezinkomba zefrikhwensi ezingavamile kanye nokushintshashintsha okuphawulekayo komthwalo namamitha kagesi.
I-Protective Grounding
* Isisekelo esivikelayo sihlanganisa ukuxhuma izivalo zensimbi namafreyimu emishini kagesi ohlelweni lokubeka phansi. Ezinhlelweni zamandla ezinamaphoyinti angenasisekelo angathathi hlangothi, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu.
Isibopho Esivikelayo
* Kumasistimu kagesi anamaphoyinti amaphakathi asekelwe phansi, isibopho esivikelayo sihlanganisa ukuxhuma izindawo ezivalekile zensimbi namafreyimu ezinto zikagesi kumqhubi ongathathi hlangothi. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuphepha esibalulekile sokuvikela impilo yomuntu.
Ibha yebhasi
* Ibha yebhasi i-conductor eqoqa futhi isabalalise amandla kagesi. Isebenza njenge-node kagesi ezinhlelweni zamandla, inquma inani lezinto zokusebenza zokusabalalisa futhi ibonise ukuthi amajeneretha, ama-transformer, namalayini axhunywe kanjani ukuze aqedele imisebenzi yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla.
Isifunda Esifushane
* Isifunda esifushane senzeka lapho izigaba zixhunywe komunye nomunye noma phansi nge-impedance ephansi noma ngokuqondile, okubangela ukwanda okungazelelwe kwamandla wesifunda.
I-Voltage yomugqa
* Kumjikelezo wezigaba ezintathu, i-voltage yomugqa isho i-voltage phakathi kwanoma yimaphi ama-conductor wezigaba ezimbili.
Ukuvala kabusha okuzenzakalelayo
* Ukuvala kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kuyithuluzi eliphinda livale ngokuzenzakalela - livala i-circuit breaker ngemva kwephutha - uhambo oludalwe ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Voltage
* I-breakdown voltage yi-voltage lapho i-insulating medium ihluleka khona bese ihambisa ugesi.
I-Direct Current (DC)
* I-Direct current isho ugesi lapho i-voltage kanye nobukhulu bamanje kanye nendlela akushintshi ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
DC Equipment
* Imishini ye-DC ibhekisela kumadivayisi anikeza amandla e-DC okuvikela i-relay, amasekhethi okulawula, nokukhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo.
Okufushane - Isilinganiso Sesekhethi
* Isilinganiso esifushane - sesekhethi yejeneretha evumelanayo isilinganiso samanje esivusa amadlingozi ngesivinini esilinganiselwe kanye ne-voltage yesekethe evulekile ukuya kumanje ovusa amadlingozi ngesilinganiso samanje sesekethe esifushane.
I-Induced Electromotive Force (EMF)
* I-EMF eyenziwe lapho i-flux kazibuthe nge-loop yokuqhuba ishintsha, noma lapho umqhubi wegundane enqamula kolayini bezizibuthe.
Ukusebenza Kwejeneretha
* Ukusebenza kahle kwe-generator isilinganiso samandla okukhipha ijeneretha kumandla ayo okufakwayo, avezwa njengephesenti. Ngokuvamile libhekisela enanini elingaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe.
I-Shaft Yamanje
* I-Shaft current ingumsinga ogeleza usuka kwelinye icala le-shaft ye-generator ye-turbine ngokusebenzisa i-bearing kanye nesisekelo ukuya komunye umkhawulo, okubangelwa ugesi we-shaft.
Ijeneretha Isivikelo Esisizayo
* Ukuvikela okuyisizayo kumajeneretha kugcwalisa ukuvikela okuyinhloko kanye nekhophi yasenqolobaneni, ukubhekana nezimo ezifana nokunqamuka kwesekhethi ye-voltage transformer, ukwehluleka kwesekethe - ama-breaker, noma ama-flashavers ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ukuvumelanisa, noma ukuvala shaqa.
Ukuvikelwa Kwesipele Sejeneretha
* Ukuvikela ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kumajeneretha kuyasebenza lapho ukuvikela okuyinhloko kwehluleka noma kungasebenzi, kuhlinzeka ngekhava yamaphutha eyengeziwe. Kuhlanganisa ukuvikela okuhlanganisiwe kwamanje okukhona ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvikelwa kokuvimbela, kanye nesiqondiso - ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent okuqalwe yi-voltage ehlanganisiwe.
Ukuphoqa Kwenkundla
* Ukuphoqelelwa kwenkundla kuwumsebenzi lapho isilawuli sikagesi esizenzakalelayo sejeneretha sithola i-voltage yegridi ngaphansi komkhawulo obekiwe (ngokuvamile u-80% - 85% wevoltheji elinganiselwe) futhi ikhuphule ngokushesha i-excitation voltage ibe inani layo eliphezulu. Uma isetshenziswa ngokudlulisela, kubizwa ngokuthi i-relay - initiated field force.
Ukuqothulwa Kwenkundla
* Ukushabalala kwenkundla kubhekisela ekunqanyulweni okusheshayo kwamandla avusa amadlingozi wejeneretha kanye nokushabalaliswa kwamandla kazibuthe agciniwe kumajika enjabulo. Kudingeka ukunciphisa umonakalo ovela kumaphutha angaphakathi ejeneretha noma ama-overvoltage ngesikhathi sokunqanyulwa.
I-Exciter Peak Voltage Multiple
* I-voltage ephezulu ephindwe kabili ye-exciter yejeneretha evumelanisiwe isilinganiso se-voltage ephezulu ye-DC engayinikeza ngesivinini esilinganiselwe kanye nezimo ezishiwo ku-voltage yayo elinganisiwe ye-excitation.
I-Excitation System Voltage Response Ratio
* Isilinganiso sokuphendula kwe-voltage yesistimu ye-excitation yizinga lokukhula kwamandla kagesi okukhiphayo kusuka kukhevu yokusabela kagesi wesistimu ye-excitation ehlukaniswa yi-voltage elinganisiwe ye-excitation. Kuyinkomba eyinhloko yokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwesistimu yenjabulo.
Hlukanisa i-Transformer
* I-split transformer iyi-multi-winding power transformer ene-high-voltage winding eyodwa kanye nama-voltage amabili noma ngaphezulu aphansi - ama-voltage windings afanayo kanye nomthamo wesigaba ngasinye. Idlulisela ngokuyinhloko amandla phakathi kwama-voltage aphezulu - naphansi - ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kodwa ikhawulela imisinga yesekethe emifushane phakathi namaphutha. I-low-voltage windings iyaziwa nangokuthi i-split windings.
Isihlukanisi
* I-isolator iyithuluzi elishintshayo, lapho endaweni evulekile, linebanga elicacisiwe lokuhlukanisa kanye nekhefu elibonakalayo phakathi koxhumana nabo. Esimeni esivaliwe, ingathwala ama-currents ajwayelekile okusebenza kanye nama-short - circuit currents. Ingakwazi ukushintsha amasekhethi ngamaza amancane noma lapho i-voltage phakathi kwamatheminali e-isolator ingashintshi kakhulu ngaphambi nangemuva kokusebenza, isebenze kokubili imisebenzi yokusebenza nokuhlukanisa.
Cha - I-Excitation Tap - Ukushintsha idivayisi
* I-no - excitation empompini - idivayisi eshintshayo isetshenziselwa ukushintsha ama-winding kampompi ngokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi lapho i-transformer iphelelwa amandla. Kuphinde kwaziwe ngele-no-non-excitation tap change. Lolu cingo lulula ngesakhiwo, luphansi ngezindleko, futhi lunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kodwa lunobubanzi obulinganiselwe bokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, okulwenza lufanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi kungadingeki njalo.
Vuliwe - Layisha Tap - Ukushintsha idivayisi
* Umpompi ovuliwe - umshini oshintshayo uvumela ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi ngenkathi i-transformer isasebenza. Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-on - load tap changer, yenza ukulungiswa kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kusimamise ugesi wegridi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka nomnotho wokuphakelwa kukagesi.
Izinto Eziyisisekelo
* Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko zibhekisela kumadivayisi ahileleke ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni, ekudluliseni, nasekusabalaliseni amandla kagesi, njengamajeneretha, ama-transformer, ama-switchgear, namakhebuli kagesi.
Isifunda Esiyinhloko
* Isekhethi eyinhloko wuxhumano oluyinhloko lukagesi oluqala kujeneretha, ludlule kuma-transformer nezintambo zokudlulisela, futhi luphelele ezintweni zikagesi.
Izisetshenziswa zesibili
* Okokusebenza kwesibili kuhlanganisa amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukuqapha, ukulinganisa, ukulawula, ukuvikela, nokusebenzisa okokusebenza okuyinhloko, okufana namathuluzi, amalayidi, amakhebuli okulawula, namadivayisi wokusayina.
Isekethe yesibili
* Isekhethi yesibili iyisekhethi kagesi eyakhiwe ngokuxhuma imishini yesibili ngokulandelana okuthile.
Okuphansi - Ukushintsha I-Voltage
* I-low-voltage switch iyithuluzi elishintshayo elisetshenziselwa ukwenza noma ukuphula amasekhethi ngama-voltage angaphansi kuka-1000 V AC noma i-DC.
Oxhumana naye
* I-contactor iyiswishi ye-voltage ephansi esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ukude noma ukunqamula amasekhethi anamaza okulayisha. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumasekethe adinga ukuqala nokulawula imoto njalo.
Ukushintsha Umoya Okuzenzakalelayo
* I-automatic air switch, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-othomathikhi, ishintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintsha kakhulu i-low - voltage switch. Ingaphazamisa womabili amaza okulayisha kanye nemisinga yesekethe emifushane futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi aphansi - kagesi, aphezulu - amandla njengedivayisi yokulawula eyinhloko.
I-Extinction Magnetic switch
* Iswishi kazibuthe yokuqothulwa iwumshini okhethekile owodwa - isigxobo se-DC air othomathikhi esisetshenziswa kumjikelezo ovusa amadlingozi wamajeneretha.
I-Isolating Switch
* Iswishi ehlukanisayo iyiswishi enekhefu elibonakalayo futhi ayikho indlela yokucisha i-arc. Isetshenziselwa ukushintsha amasekhethi nge-voltage kodwa akukho mthwalo. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuxhuma noma ukunqamula imigqa engalayishiwe, ama-voltage transformer, kanye nama-no - load transformer amandla alinganiselwe. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlukanisa amandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwemishini.
I-High - Voltage Circuit Breaker
* I-high-voltage circuit breaker, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-high-voltage switch, ingaphazamisa noma ivale ama-no - load kanye nama-currents okulayisha wesekethe yamandla kagesi aphezulu. Uma kwenzeka iphutha lesistimu, lingaphinda liphazamise imisinga emifushane - yesekethe ngokusebenzisa isenzo samadivayisi wokuvikela adluliselwe. Ifaka i-arc ephelele - isakhiwo sokucisha kanye nomthamo owanele wokuphuka wamanje.
I-Arc - Ikhoyili Yokucindezela
* Ikhoyili yokucindezela i-arc iyi-inductor eguquguqukayo ene-iron core, exhunywe endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer noma i-generator. Ngesikhathi sokuphambuka kwesigaba esisodwa, kunciphisa imisinga yamaphutha futhi kusize ekuqothulweni kwe-arc.
I-Reactor
* I-reactor iyikhoyili eguquguqukayo enokumelana okuphansi kakhulu. Ukuphenduka kwekhoyili kuhlanganiswe komunye nomunye, futhi yonke ikhoyili ifakwe emhlabathini. Ama-reactor axhunywe ochungechungeni kumasekhethi ukuze akhawulele imisinga emifushane - yesekethe.
I-Eddy Yamanje Phenomenon
* Lapho ikhoyili iboshelwe enkabeni yensimbi eqinile, umongo wensimbi ungase ubhekwe njengowakhiwe amasongo ensimbi amaningi avaliwe ancike ngakumagnetic flux. Iringi ngayinye yensimbi yenza iluphu yokuqhuba evaliwe. Lapho ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kugeleza kukhoyili, ukuguquguquka kazibuthe emasongweni ensimbi kuyaqhubeka kushintsha, kubangele amandla e-electromotive namaza eringini ngayinye yensimbi. Lawa misinga akha i-vortex - njengamaphethini azungeze i-axis eyingqikithi yensimbi, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-eddy currents.
Eddy Ukulahlekelwa Kwamanje
* Ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-Eddy kubhekisela ekushabalaleni kwamandla ngendlela yokushisa ngenxa yemisinga ye-eddy ku-iron core, okufana nomthelela wokushisa wamanje ogeleza ku-resistor.
Okuphansi - Uhlelo Lwamanje Lokugawula
* Isistimu lapho iphoyinti elimaphakathi lingavulwa phansi noma lisekelwe phansi ngekhoyili yokucindezela i-arc.
Okuphezulu - Uhlelo Lwamanje Lokugawula
* Uhlelo lapho indawo emaphakathi isekelwe ngokuqondile.
Ukusabela kwe-Armature
* Uma ingekho i-armature current, i-air-gap main magnetic field ikhiqizwa kuphela yi-excitation current. Uma i-armature current ikhona, i-air - gap main magnetic field yi-superposition yezinkundla kazibuthe ezikhiqizwa i-excitation current kanye ne-armature current. Umthelela we-armature current endaweni enkulu kazibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi ukusabela kwe-armature.
I-Induction Motor
* Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-asynchronous motor, isebenza ngokususelwe ezimisweni zamandla e-electromotive enziwe kumakhondatha asika imigqa yakazibuthe namandla asetshenziswa kumakhondaktha aphethe amanje endaweni kazibuthe. Njengoba ijubane le-rotor lihlale lingaphansi kwejubane lokuvumelanisa ukugcina ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwenkundla kazibuthe kanye nama-rotor conductors, kubizwa ngokuthi i-induction motor.
Isivinini Esivumelanayo
* Uma ama-currents e-symmetrical wesigaba sesithathu enikezwa kumawindi e-symmetrical wesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor, inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo ikhiqizwa esikhaleni somoya. Ijubane lale nsimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo liyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lezigxobo zezimoto. Lapho inani lezigxobo liphakeme, isivinini sihamba kancane. Lesi sivinini sibizwa ngesivinini esivumelanayo.
Slip
* Ukushelela kuchazwa njengesilinganiso somehluko phakathi kwesivinini sokuvumelanisa (n1) kanye nesivinini semoto (n) ukuya kusivinini esivumelanayo, esivezwa njengephesenti: S = (n1 - n)/n1 × 100%.
Inkanyezi - I-Delta Iyaqala
* Indlela yokuqala lapho i-stator windings ye-motor ixhunywe ekucushweni kwenkanyezi ngesikhathi sokuqalisa futhi ishintshelwe ekucushweni kwe-delta ngemva kokuqaliswa.
Isilinganiso sokumuncwa
* Isilinganiso samanani okumelana nokufakwa kukalwa kumasekhondi angu-60 kuya kumasekhondi angu-15 ngemva kokufaka i-voltage ye-DC kusifanekiso se-insulating.
Ukusebenza Grounding
* Ukugaywa komhlabathi kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwemishini kagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile nezinephutha, ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ngenxa yamaphutha emishini.
I-Protective Grounding
* Ukugawula izivalo zensimbi noma amafreyimu ezinto zikagesi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kokushisa.
Isibopho Esivikelayo
* Kusistimu yamandla enephuzu eliphakathi nendawo elisekelwe phansi, elixhuma izindawo ezivalekile zensimbi noma amafreyimu ezinto zikagesi kumkhondatha ongathathi hlangothi. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu.
I-Arc Electric
* I-arc kagesi yakhiwe ngenani elikhulu lezinhlansi zamaphuzu.
Ukulandelana Kwesigaba
* Ukuhleleka lapho izigaba zenani le-sinusoidal zidlula inani elifanayo. Noma iyiphi isethi ye-asymmetrical three - phase sinusoidal voltages noma imisinga ingahlukaniswa ibe amasethi amathathu ezingxenye ezilinganayo: positive - sequence, negative - sequence, kanye neqanda - ukulandelana.
I-Relay Pickup Yamanje
* Inani eliphansi lamanje elingabangela ukuthi i-relay isebenze.
I-Relay yamanje
* I-relay esebenza ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili yayo.
I-Voltage Relay
* I-relay esebenza ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-voltage elisetshenzisiwe.
Ukudluliselwa Okusheshayo
* I-relay enesikhathi sokusebenza esingaphansi kwama-millisecond ayi-10.
Ukuvikelwa Okusheshayo
* Ukuvikelwa okusebenza ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubambezeleka kwesikhathi lapho okwamanje kufinyelela inani elimisiwe.
Ukuvikelwa Okuhlukile
* Ukuvikelwa okusebenza ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zamandla kagesi phakathi namaphutha emishini.
Uziro - Ukuvikelwa Okulandelanayo
* Ukuvikelwa okuphendula kuziro - amaza alandelanayo nama-voltages isici samaphutha aphansi kumasistimu kagesi.
Ukuvikelwa Kwebanga
* Idivayisi yokuvikela ekhombisa ibanga ukusuka endaweni yephutha ukuya endaweni yokufaka isivikelo.
Ukuvala kabusha okuzenzakalelayo
* Idivayisi ephinde ivale ngokuzenzakalelayo - ivala isinqamuli sesifunda ngemva kwephutha - uhambo oludalwe ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Ukuvala kabusha kungaba okukodwa - isigaba noma kuhlanganiswe.
Ukuvala Kabusha Okuhlanganisiwe
* Umsebenzi wokuvala lapho amaphutha esigaba esisodwa aqala ukukhubeka nokuvala kwesigaba esisodwa, ngokukhubeka kwezigaba ezintathu uma kungasebenzi; amaphutha esigaba - kuya - esigabeni aqala ukukhubeka kwesigaba sesithathu ngokuvala kabusha, futhi ukuvala kabusha okungaphumeleli kuholela ekukhubekeni kwezigaba ezintathu.
Ivala kabusha Ukusheshisa
* Ngemva kokuvala iphutha elingunaphakade, idivayisi yokuvikela iphinda isebenze ngaphandle kokulibazisa isikhathi ukuze ikhubekise isinqamuli sesekethe futhi ayizami ukuphinda ivale futhi.
Ukuvikelwa
* Uhlelo lokuvikela olunelisa ukuzinza kanye nezidingo zokuphepha kwempahla, ngokukhetha nangokushesha ukususa amaphutha ezintweni ezivikelwe kanye nawo wonke ulayini.
Ukuvikelwa Kwesipele
* Isivikelo esisusa amaphutha lapho isivikelo esikhulu sihluleka ukusebenza noma i-circuit breaker yenqaba ukukhubeka.
Isici samandla
* Isilinganiso samandla asebenzayo (P) namandla abonakalayo (S).
Ukushintsha Ukusebenza
* Ukushintsha ukusebenza kubhekisela ochungechungeni lwemisebenzi eyenziwa lapho imishini kagesi ishintsha isuka kwesinye isimo iye kwesinye noma imodi yokusebenza yesistimu ishintshwa. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa:
* I-Transformer inika amandla futhi iqeda amandla.
* Ulayini unika amandla futhi unika amandla.
* Ukuqala kwe-generator, ukuhambisana, nokuhlukanisa.
* Ukuvala nokuvulwa kwenethiwekhi.
* Izinguquko zokumisa ibha yebhasi (imisebenzi yokudlulisa ibhasi).
* I-Neutral grounding method iyashintsha kanye ne-arc - ukulungisa ikhoyili yokucindezela.
* Ukulungiswa kokuvikelwa kokudlulisela kanye nezilungiselelo zedivayisi ezizenzakalelayo.
* Ukufakwa nokususwa kwezintambo eziphansi.
Cha - Ukulahleka Komthwalo
* Cha - ukulahlekelwa komthwalo amandla asetshenziswa i-transformer lapho i-voltage elinganiselwe ye-sinusoidal isetshenziswa kwenye yama-windings ayo (endaweni kampompi elinganiselwe) kuyilapho amanye ama-winding evuliwe - ejikeleza. Ibanga ngokuyinhloko ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko (ukulahlekelwa kwe-eddy yamanje kanye ne-hysteresis).
Cha - Layisha Okwamanje
* Cha - umthwalo wamanje amandla kazibuthe asungula i-flux eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-transformer no - load. Isilinganiso samanje sokungena komthwalo siyisilinganiso semisinga yesigaba sesithathu esidonswa isiguquli lapho i-voltage elinganiselwe ye-sinusoidal isetshenziswa ekujikeni okukodwa (endaweni kampompi olinganiselwe) kanti amanye amawindi avuleka - ajikelezwe, achazwa njengephesenti lamanje elilinganiselwe.
Okufushane - Ukulahlekelwa Kwesekethe
* Ukulahleka kwesekethe okufushane amandla asetshenziswa i-transformer lapho imvamisa elinganiselwe igeleza kwenye yamawindi ayo ngenkathi enye i-winding imfushane - ijikeleza. Imele ukulahlekelwa kwethusi (ukulahleka kwe-I²R) kumawindi e-transformer endaweni yompompi olinganiselwe kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-70°C.
Okufushane - I-Voltage Yesifunda
* I-voltage yesekethe emfishane yivoltheji yefrikhwensi elinganiselwe esetshenziswa ekujikeni okukodwa ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla amanje alinganiselwe kokunye ukusonga okujikelezayo okufushane (endaweni yokudonsa okulinganiselwe), evezwa njengephesenti levoltheji elinganiselwe. Ibonisa imingcele ye-transformer (ukumelana nokuvuza) futhi yaziwa nangokuthi i-impedance voltage (ku-70°C).