10 PLC System Iphutha Izimbangela Nezixazululo
10 PLC System Iphutha Izimbangela Nezixazululo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-PLC asebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwanda, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwesistimu okuzinzile sekubalulekile. Nakuba ama-PLC ngokwawo ethembeke kakhulu, ukusebenza okungalungile kungaholela ezinkingeni. Nazi izimbangela ezivamile eziyi-10 zamaphutha nezisombululo:
1. Izinkinga Zokumisa
Amasistimu we-PLC anezidingo eziqinile zokubeka phansi. Kunconywa uhlelo lokumisa phansi oluzimele, oluzinikele, futhi zonke izinto zokusebenza ezihambisanayo kufanele zibekwe phansi ngendlela efanele. Ukugxilisa phansi okungalungile kungabangela ama-currents angalindelekile, okuholela kumaphutha engqondo noma umonakalo wesifunda. Amaphuzu okwehlisa kufanele asondelane. Amasistimu we-PLC ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-single-point grounding. Ukuze uthole amandla okugxambukela emodi ethuthukisiwe, amasiginali we-analog angasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe baphansi obuvikelwe.
2. Ukubhekana Nokuphazamiseka
Iziza zezimboni zithambekele ekuphazamisekeni kwefrikhwensi ephezulu - kanye nephansi, evame ukwethulwa ngamakhebula axhunywe kumishini yesayithi. Ngokungeziwe ekusekelweni okufanele, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokulwa nokuphazamiseka kufanele zithathwe ekwakhiweni kwekhebula, ukukhetha, nokufakwa:
Ukuze uthole amasignali e-analog, sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe kabili.
Ukuze uthole amasignali eshayela ngesivinini esiphezulu, sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile.
Ngezintambo zokuxhumana ze-PLC, sebenzisa izintambo ezihlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi noma izintambo ezisontekile ezivikelekile - bhanqa.
Ungayilayini imigqa yesiginali ye-analog, imigqa yesiginali ye-DC, nemigqa yesignali ye-AC kumgudu ofanayo.
Izintambo ezivikelekile ezethulwe noma ezisuka kumakhabethe okulawula kufanele zixhunywe ngokuqondile kumadivayisi ngaphandle kokudlula kumatheminali.
Amasignali e-AC, amasignali e-DC, namasignali e-analog akufanele abe nekhebula efanayo. Izintambo zamandla nezintambo zesignali kufanele zihanjiswe ngokuhlukana.
Amathiphu okunakekela indawo okuxazulula ukuphazamiseka ahlanganisa ukusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe kolayini abathintekile nokubafaka kabusha, kanye nokwengeza ikhodi yokuhlunga evimbela ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni.
3. Ukuqeda I-Inter - I-Wire Capacitance Yokunqanda Ukungalungi
Amakhebuli anamandla emvelo phakathi kwamakhondatha. Ngisho nezintambo eziqeqeshiwe zingaba namandla amakhulu uma ubude bazo budlula imikhawulo enconyiwe. Uma kusetshenziselwa okokufaka kwe-PLC, lokhu kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle, njengamasiginali okokufaka angalungile noma angekho. Izixazululo zifaka:
Ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinama-cores asontekile.
Ukunciphisa ubude bekhebula.
Ihlukanisa okokufaka okuphazamisayo kumakhebuli ahlukene.
Ukusebenzisa izintambo ezivikelekile.
4. Ukukhetha Amamojula Okukhiphayo
Amamojula okukhiphayo eza ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-transistor, i-triac, ne-relay:
Amamojula ohlobo lwe-Transistor anikeza isivinini sokushintsha esisheshayo (imvamisa engu-0.2 ms) kodwa abe nomthamo ophansi wokulayisha (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Afanele amadivaysi okushintsha ngokushesha kanye nemishini ehlobene nesiginali, njengama-inverter namadivayisi e-DC. Cabangela imiphumela yamanje yokuvuza kwe-transistor emithwalweni.
Amamojula ohlobo lwe-Triac athintana naye - mancane futhi afanele ukulayishwa kwe-AC kodwa anomthamo olinganiselwe wokulayisha.
I-Relay - uhlobo lwamamojula asekela ukulayishwa kwe-AC ne-DC futhi anomthamo omkhulu wokulayisha. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ekulawuleni okuvamile kodwa zinesivinini sokushintsha esihamba kancane (cishe u-10 ms), okuzenza zingakufanelekeli izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu.
5. Ukuphatha Inverter Over - Voltage futhi Over - Yamanje
Lapho unciphisa inani elinikeziwe ukuze ubambezele injini, ingena esimweni sokuvuselela kabusha. I-motor ibuyisela amandla ku-inverter, okubangela ukuthi i-voltage ye-capacitor yesihlungi ikhuphuke futhi ibangele phezu - ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage. Isixazululo: Faka i-resistor yokubhuleka yangaphandle ukuze uchithe amandla okuvuselela kabusha.
Lapho amamotho amancane amaningi exhunywe ku-inverter, iphutha kumotho eyodwa lingabangela ukuthi isiguquli sihambe, kumise wonke amamotho. Isixazululo: Faka i-1:1 isolation transformer ohlangothini lokuphuma kwe-inverter ukuze uhlukanise ama-currents amaphutha kusiguquli.
6. Okokufaka ilebula kanye Nemiphumela Yokunakekela Okulula
Izinhlelo ze-PLC zingaba yinkimbinkimbi, zibe namatheminali amaningi okokufaka nokukhiphayo. Ukuze kube lula ukuxazulula inkinga:
Dala itafula ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lukagesi bese ulibeka kuphaneli yokulawula noma ikhabhinethi. Faka ohlwini inombolo yetheminali ngayinye ye-PLC nezimpawu zikagesi ezihambisanayo namagama esiShayina.
Yakha ithebula le-PLC yokufaka - okukhiphayo ukuze ubonise ubudlelwano obunengqondo phakathi kwamasekhethi okokufaka nokukhiphayo phakathi nokusebenza. Ngalawa mathebula, ochwepheshe bakagesi abanolwazi bangakwazi ukulungisa izinto ngaphandle kwamapulani.
7. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha Ngokusebenzisa I-Logic Yohlelo
Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-PLC ezisetshenziswayo, imidwebo yesitebhisi yama-PLC aphezulu njenge-S7 - 300 ivamise ukubhalwa ngekhodi yemnemonic. Imidwebo yesitebhisi esebenzayo kufanele ifake izichasiselo zophawu lwesiShayina. Ukuze kuhlaziywe amaphutha kagesi, indlela yokubheka emuva isetshenziswa kakhulu. Qala endaweni yephutha, khomba okuhambisanayo kokuphumayo kwe-PLC, bese ulandelela emuva ubudlelwano obunengqondo obudingekayo ukuze busebenze. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi amaphutha amaningi asuka endaweni eyodwa.
8. Ukwahlulela I-PLC Self - Amaphutha
Ama-PLC athembeke kakhulu ngezinga eliphansi lokuhluleka. Ukulimala kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha noma amaphutha esofthiwe kuma-PLC nama-CPU awavamile. Amaphuzu okokufaka we-PLC mancane amathuba okuthi ahluleke ngaphandle uma engaphansi kokungena kwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Oxhumana nabo be-PLC edluliselwe okukhiphayo banesikhathi eside bephila ngaphandle uma belayishwe ngokweqile ngenxa yamasekhethi amafushane angaphandle noma ukwakheka okungekuhle. Lapho uxazulula inkinga, gxila ezintweni zikagesi eziseduze kunokusola ihadiwe ye-PLC noma izinkinga zesofthiwe. Le ndlela isheshisa ukulungiswa futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza.
9. Ukusebenzisa Ngokugcwele Isofthiwe Nezinsiza Zekhompuyutha
Imiyalo engabandakanyeki kumaluphu okulawula noma enziwe yasebenza ngaphambi kokuthi iluphu ingafakwa ku-PLC.
Ngemiyalo eminingi elawula umsebenzi owodwa, yixhume ngokuhambisana ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuxhuma endaweni yokufaka eyodwa.
Sebenzisa izingxenye ezithambile zangaphakathi ze-PLC kanye nezifunda ezimaphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukuqhubeka kohlelo nokwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu futhi kunciphisa izindleko zehadiwe.
Lapho kungenzeka khona, klama okukhiphayo ngakunye ngokuzimela ukuze kube lula ukulawula, ukuhlolwa, nokuvikela amanye amasekhethi.
Ngemiphumela elawula imithwalo eya phambili nehlehliswayo, sebenzisa ukuxhumanisa kokubili kuhlelo lwe-PLC nangaphandle ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza komthwalo oqondiswa kabili.
Ezitobhini eziphuthumayo, sebenzisa iswishi yangaphandle ukuze unqamule amandla ukuze uphephe.
10. Ezinye Izindlela Zokuqapha
Ungalokothi uxhume izintambo zikagesi ze-AC kumatheminali okokufaka we-PLC ukuze ugweme umonakalo.
Amatheminali aphansi kufanele asekelwe ngokuzimele, angaxhunywanga ochungechungeni nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Sebenzisa intambo yaphansi enendawo eyisiphambano okungenani engu-2 mm².
Izinsiza zamandla ezisizayo zinomthamo olinganiselwe futhi kufanele zibe namandla aphansi kuphela - amadivayisi anamandla njengezinzwa ze-photoelectric.
Ungazixhumi izintambo kumatheminali ekheli le-PLC angasetshenzisiwe.
Uma zingekho izinto zokuvikela ezifakiwe kusekethe yokuphumayo ye-PLC, faka ama-fuse noma ezinye izakhi zokuvikela kusekethe yangaphandle ukuze uvimbele amasekhethi amafushane okulayisha ukuthi angalimazi uhlelo.