Iingcebiso ezili-10 ezibalulekileyo zePLC
Iingcebiso ezili-10 ezibalulekileyo zePLC
Kwizicelo zemihla ngemihla ze-PLC, ukuqonda ezi ngcebiso zisebenzayo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwakho. Nazi iindlela ezilishumi eziphambili ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:
1. Imiba yokuGrounding
Iinkqubo ze-PLC zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokubeka phantsi. Inkqubo yokumisa ezimeleyo, ezinikeleyo iyacetyiswa, kwaye zonke izixhobo ezinxulumeneyo kufuneka zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukudibanisa amanqaku amaninzi okumisa iisekethe kunokubangela imisinga engalindelekanga, ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zengqiqo okanye umonakalo wesiphaluka. Oku kaninzi kwenzeka xa iindawo zokumisa zahlulwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye ziqhagamshelwe ngeentambo zonxibelelwano okanye izinzwa.Iinkqubo ze-PLC zisebenzisa i-single-point grounding. Ukomeleza uxhathiso lwendlela eqhelekileyo, itekhnoloji yomhlaba edadayo ekhuselekileyo ingasetyenziselwa imiqondiso ye-analog. Oku kubandakanya indawo enye yokubekwa phantsi kwekhaka lekhebula lomqondiso kunye nokudada kwilophu yomqondiso, kunye nokumelana nokugquma komhlaba ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-50MΩ.
2. Ukujongana noPhando
Ubume bemizi-mveliso buthanda uphazamiseko oluphezulu nolusezantsi, oluhlala luziswa ngeentambo eziqhagamshelwe kwizixhobo zesiza. Ukongeza kwisiseko esifanelekileyo, la manyathelo alandelayo achasene nokuphazamiseka kufuneka athathwe kuyilo lwentambo, ukukhetha kunye nokufakwa:
Kwiimpawu ze-analog, sebenzisa iintambo eziphindwe kabini.
Kwiimpawu ze-high-speed pulse, sebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselekileyo ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kunye nokuphepha ukuphazamiseka kweempawu zomgangatho ophantsi.
Kwiintambo zonxibelelwano ze-PLC, iintambo ezibonelelwe ngumenzi ziyacetyiswa. Kwizicelo ezingabalulekanga kangako, iintambo ezijijekileyo ezikhuselweyo zingasetyenziswa.
Musa ukuhambisa iilayini zesiginali ye-analog, iilayini zesiginali ye-DC, kunye nemigca yesignali ye-AC kumbhobho omnye.
Iintambo ezikhuselekileyo ezingena okanye eziphumayo kwiikhabhinethi zokulawula kufuneka zisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo ngaphandle kokudlula kwii-terminals.
Iimpawu ze-AC, izibonakaliso ze-DC, kunye neempawu ze-analog akufanele zabelane ngentambo efanayo. Iintambo zombane kufuneka zihanjiswe ngokwahlukeneyo kwiintambo zomqondiso.
Ukulungisa uphazamiseko kwisiza, sebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselweyo kwimigca echaphazelekayo uze uzibuyisele kwakhona. Kungenjalo, yongeza ikhowudi yokucoca yokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo.
3. Ukuphelisa iNdlela yokuya kuMmandla ukuThintela iNdlela egwenxa
I-Capacitance ikhona phakathi kwabaqhubi bayo nayiphi na intambo. Nkqu neentambo ezivunyiweyo zinoluhlu oluthile lwe-capacitance. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubude bekhebula budlula imida ecetyiswayo, umgca-ukuya kumgca we-capacitance unokubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-PLC. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezingaqondakaliyo, ezinje ngocingo oluchanekileyo kodwa akukho mpendulo yegalelo le-PLC, okanye amagalelo e-PLC aphazamisana. Ukusombulula oku:
Sebenzisa iintambo ezineentsimbi ezijijekileyo.
Nciphisa ubude bekhebula.
Yahlula amagalelo aphazamisayo ngeentambo ezinikezelweyo.
Sebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselekileyo.
4. Ukukhetha iiModyuli zokuPhuma
Iimodyuli zemveliso ziyafumaneka kwi-transistor, i-triac, kunye neentlobo ze-relay:
Iimodyuli zohlobo lweTransistor zinika isantya sokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.2 ms) kodwa inomthwalo ophantsi kakhulu (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Zikulungele ukukhawuleza - ukutshintshwa kunye nomqondiso - izixhobo ezihambelanayo kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngokuguquguqula rhoqo kunye nezixhobo ze-DC. Qaphela impembelelo ye-transistor ukuvuza kwangoku kwimithwalo.
Iimodyuli zohlobo lwe-Triac zinxibelelana - ngaphantsi kwaye zilungele imithwalo ye-AC kodwa zinomthamo olinganiselweyo womthwalo.
I-Relay - uhlobo lweemodyuli zixhasa imithwalo ye-AC kunye ne-DC kwaye inomthamo ophezulu womthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo lukhetho lokuqala lolawulo oluqhelekileyo kodwa banesantya esicothayo sokutshintsha (malunga ne-10 ms), sibenza bangafaneleki usetyenziso lwefrikhwensi ephezulu.
5. Ukuphatha i-Inverter Over - Voltage nangaphezulu - yangoku
Xa unciphisa isantya ngokunciphisa ixabiso elibekiweyo, i-motor inokungena kwimodi yokuvuselela i-braking. Amandla abuyiselwe kwi-inverter aphakamisa i-voltage kwi-capacitor yokucoca, enokuthi ibangele ngaphezulu - ukhuseleko lombane. Ukujongana nale nto, yongeza i-resistor ye-braking yangaphandle ukuze uchithe amandla okuvuselela.
Xa i-inverter iqhuba iimoto ezincinci ezininzi, impazamo engaphezulu-yangoku kwimoto enye inokubangela ukuba inverter ihambe, imise zonke iimotor eziqhagamshelweyo. Ukuthintela oku, faka i-1: 1 i-transformer yodwa kwicala lemveliso ye-inverter. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imisinga ephosakeleyo ivalelwe kwi-transformer, ikhusela i-inverter ekukhubekeni.
6. Ukuleyibhile iiNgeniso kunye neZiphumo zoLondolozo oluLula
Ii-PLC zilawula iisistim ezintsonkothileyo ezineetheminali ezininzi zegalelo kunye nemveliso yerelay, izibane zesalathisi, kunye nenombolo yePLC. Ukwenza lula ukulungisa ingxaki:
Yenza itafile esekelwe kwisicwangciso sombane kwaye uyibeke kwipaneli yokulawula izixhobo okanye ikhabhinethi. Dwelisa igalelo ngalinye le-PLC kunye nenombolo ye-terminal ephumayo kunye neesimboli zombane ezihambelanayo kunye namagama aseTshayina.
Kwabo bangaqhelananga nenkqubo yokusebenza okanye imizobo ileli, phuhlisa igalelo le-PLC - itafile yokusebenza kwemveliso yemveliso. Le theyibhile ichaza ubudlelwane obunengqiqo phakathi kweesekethe zegalelo kunye nemveliso ngexesha lokusebenza.
7. Ukuxilongwa kweFault Ukusebenzisa iNgcaciso yeNkqubo
Ngoluhlu olubanzi lwee-PLC ezikhoyo, ileli - imiyalelo yedayagramu yee-PLC ezisezantsi ziyafana ngokubanzi. Kwii-PLC eziphezulu ezifana ne-S7 - 300, iinkqubo ezininzi zibhalwa kwisicatshulwa esicwangcisiweyo. Imizobo yeleli esebenzayo kufuneka ibandakanye amagqabantshintshi ngesimboli saseTshayina ukuze kube lula ukuqonda. Xa uhlalutya iimpazamo zombane, i-reverse - lookup method isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukuqala kwindawo yempazamo, fumana i-PLC ehambelanayo yokukhupha imveliso kwaye ulandele umva ubudlelwane obunengqiqo obufunekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Amava abonisa ukuba ukuchonga umba omnye ngokuqhelekileyo kusombulula ingxaki, njengoko iimpazamo ezininzi ngaxeshanye zinqabile.
8. Ukugweba iimpazamo ze-PLC
Ii-PLC zithembeke kakhulu ngesantya esisezantsi sokungaphumeleli. Iintsilelo zehardware ezifana nomonakalo wePLC okanye weCPU, okanye iimpazamo zesoftware, ziphantse ukuba azikho. Amanqaku okufakwa kwe-PLC akunakwenzeka ukuba angaphumeleli ngaphandle kokuba aphantsi kokuphazamiseka kombane ophezulu. Ngokufanayo, abafowunelwa bemveliso ye-PLC ye-relay baphila ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuba balayishwe kakhulu ngenxa yomthwalo we-peripheral wesekethe ezimfutshane okanye iziphene zoyilo. Xa ulungisa iingxaki zombane, gxila kwizinto zombane ezisecaleni kunokukrokrela i-PLC hardware okanye imiba yesoftware. Le ndlela ibalulekile ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa imveliso.
9. Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweSoftware kunye nezixhobo zeHardware
Imiyalelo engabandakanyekanga kwiluphu yolawulo okanye yenziwe yasebenza phambi kokuba iluphu ingabandakanywa kwi-PLC.
Xa imiyalelo emininzi ilawula umsebenzi omnye, inokudityaniswa ngokunxuseneyo ngaphandle phambi kokuba idityaniswe kwindawo yokufaka.
Sebenzisa amacandelo angaphakathi athambileyo e-PLC kunye namazwe aphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokuqhubekeka, ukwenza uphuhliso lube lula kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ze-hardware.
Apho kunokwenzeka, gcina imveliso nganye yodwa ukuze kube lula ukulawula nokuhlola, kunye nokukhusela ezinye iisekethe zemveliso. Impazamo kwindawo enye yokuphuma iya kuchaphazela kuphela isiphaluka esihambelanayo sokuphuma.
Ngeziphumo zokulawula imithwalo ye-bidirectional, sebenzisa ukuxhamla kokubili kwiprogram ye-PLC nangaphandle ukukhusela ukunyakaza komthwalo we-bidirectional.
Ukumisa okungxamisekileyo kwii-PLCs kufuneka kusebenzise utshintsho lwangaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
10. Ezinye izilumkiso
Ungaze uqhagamshele iintambo zombane ze-AC kwiitheminali zokufaka i-PLC ukunqanda ukonakalisa i-PLC.
Ii-terminals ze-Grounding kufuneka zisekelwe ngokuzimeleyo, zingaxhunywanga kwichungechunge kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ucingo lokumisa kufuneka lube nommandla onqamlezileyo ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-2mm².
Ubonelelo lwamandla oluncedisayo lunomthamo olinganiselweyo kwaye lunamandla asezantsi kuphela - izixhobo zamandla ezifana nezinzwa zombane.
Ezinye ii-PLC zinenani elithile leetheminali zeedilesi ezingasetyenziswanga. Musa ukuqhagamshela iingcingo kwezi.
Ukuba akukho sixhobo sokukhusela kwi-PLC yesiphaluka sokuphuma, faka iifuse okanye ezinye izixhobo zokukhusela kwisiphaluka sangaphandle ukukhusela umthwalo omfutshane - iisekethe ezonakalisa inkqubo.