Ulwazi lwe-PLC oluQoqisiweyo: Ukufunda okuBalulekileyo kwiiNjineli zoMbane!
Ulwazi lwe-PLC oluQoqoshelweyo: Ukufunda okuBalulekileyo kwiiNjineli zoMbane!
I. Inkcazo kunye nokuhlelwa kwee-PLCs
I-PLC, okanye i-Programmable Logic Controller, sisizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo zolawulo lwamashishini jikelele. Isekwe kwi-microprocessors kwaye idibanisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter, itekhnoloji yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano. Idizayinelwe iimeko zemizi-mveliso, ii-PLCs zibonakalisa inkqubo ekulula ukuyiqonda kusetyenziswa "ulwimi lwendalo" olujoliswe kwiinkqubo zolawulo nakubasebenzisi. Zibonakaliswa ngokulula, ngokulula ukusebenza, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Iphuhliswe kulawulo olulandelelanayo, ii-PLCs zigxile kwii-microprocessors kwaye zisebenza njengezixhobo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo oluguquguqukayo. Makhe sihlolisise iinkcukacha:
1. Ingcaciso
I-PLC yinkqubo yombane yedijithali eyenzelwe usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso. Isebenzisa inkumbulo ecwangcisiweyo ukugcina imiyalelo yemisebenzi efana nokubala okusengqiqweni, ulawulo lolandelelwano, ixesha, ukubala, kunye nezibalo. Ngokudibana neenkcukacha zedijithali kunye ne-analog kunye neziphumo, ii-PLC zilawula izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Zombini ii-PLCs kunye nezixhobo zazo ze-peripheral ziyilelwe ukudibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwamashishini kunye nokuququzelela ukwandiswa komsebenzi.
2. Ukuhlelwa
Iimveliso ze-PLC ziza kwiindidi ezininzi ezineenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokusebenza. Zihlelwa ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwifom yesakhiwo, ukungafani komsebenzi, kunye nenani lamanqaku e-I / O.
2.1 Ukuhlelwa ngokweFom yoLwakhiwo
Ii-PLCs zinokuhlelwa zibe ziindidi ezidityanisiweyo kunye neemodyuli ngokusekwe kwifom yazo yesakhiwo.
(1) I-PLC edibeneyo
Izinto ezidibeneyo zendlu ye-PLCs ezifana nombane, i-CPU, kunye ne-I/O ujongano ngaphakathi kwekhabhathi enye. Baziwa ngobume babo obubambeneyo, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokufikeleleka. Ii-PLC ezinobungakanani obuncinci ngokuqhelekileyo zamkela olu lwakhiwo ludityanisiweyo. I-PLC edityanisiweyo ineyunithi esisiseko (ekwaziwa ngokuba yiyunithi ephambili) enamanqaku e-I/O ahlukeneyo kunye neyunithi yokwandisa. Iyunithi eyisiseko iqulethe i-CPU, i-interfaces ye-I / O, i-port yokwandisa ukuxhuma kwiiyunithi ze-I / O zokwandisa, kunye ne-interfaces yokuxhuma kumprogram okanye umbhali we-EPROM. Iyunithi yokwandisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqulethe kuphela i-I / O kunye namacandelo okubonelela ngamandla, ngaphandle kwe-CPU. Iyunithi esisiseko kunye neyunithi yokwandisa idla ngokudityaniswa ngentambo ecaba. Ii-PLC ezidibeneyo zinokuxhotyiswa ngeeyunithi ezikhethekileyo zomsebenzi, ezifana neeyunithi ze-analog kunye neeyunithi zokulawula isikhundla, ukwandisa amandla abo.
(2) I-PLC yeModyuli
Ii-PLC zeModyuli zibonakalisa iimodyuli ezihlukeneyo zecandelo ngalinye, njengeemodyuli ze-CPU, iimodyuli ze-I / O, iimodyuli zobonelelo lwamandla (ngamanye amaxesha zihlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwimodyuli ye-CPU), kunye neemodyuli ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Ezi modyuli zixhonywe kwisakhelo okanye kwi-backplane. Inzuzo yeemodyuli ze-PLCs zilele kuqwalaselo lwazo oluguquguqukayo, oluvumela ukukhethwa kwezikali zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka. Kwakhona kulula ukudibanisa, ukwandisa, nokugcina. Ii-PLC eziphakathi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu ngokubanzi zithatha ubume bemodyuli.
Ukongeza, ezinye ii-PLCs zidibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini iintlobo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neemodyuli, zenza into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PLC egciniweyo. Kwii-PLC ezipakishweyo, amacandelo afana ne-CPU, unikezelo lwamandla, kunye ne-I/O ujongano ziimodyuli ezizimeleyo eziqhagamshelwe ngeentambo kwaye zinokufakwa umaleko ngokwamaleko. Olu luyilo alunikezeli kuphela uqwalaselo lwenkqubo eguquguqukayo kodwa lukwavumela ubungakanani obubambeneyo.
2.2 Ukuhlelwa ngokoMsebenzi
Ngokusekelwe kwizakhono zabo zokusebenza, ii-PLCs zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: isiphelo esisezantsi, esiphakathi, kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu.
(1) I-PLC ephantsi
Ii-PLC ezinesiphelo esisezantsi zinemisebenzi esisiseko efana nokusebenza okunengqiqo, ixesha, ukubala, ukutshintshwa, ukuzixilonga, kunye nokubeka iliso. Basenokubandakanya inani elincinci le-analog input / output, imisebenzi ye-arithmetic, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kunye nokuthelekisa, kunye nemisebenzi yokunxibelelana. Ezi PLC zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa iinkqubo zokulawula umatshini omnye ezibandakanya ulawulo olunengqiqo, ulawulo olulandelelanayo, okanye umlinganiselo omncinci wolawulo lwe-analog.
(2) I-PLC ephakathi
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi ye-PLCs ephantsi, i-PLCs ephakathi inika amandla anamandla kwigalelo / imveliso ye-analog, imisebenzi ye-arithmetic, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kunye nokuthelekisa, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yenombolo, i-I / O ekude, i-subroutines, kunye nenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano. Abanye banokubonisa ulawulo lokuphazamiseka kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo lwe-PID, ibenze bafanelekele iinkqubo zokulawula ezintsonkothileyo.
(3) I-PLC ephezulu
Ii-PLC eziphezulu, ukongeza kubuchule be-PLCs ephakathi, zibandakanya imisebenzi ephucukileyo efana nokusebenza kwe-arithmetic esayiniweyo, ukubala kwe-matrix, imisebenzi ye-bit logic, izibalo zengcambu, kunye neminye imisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Zikwabonisa indalo yetafile kunye nezakhono zokudlulisa itafile. Ii-PLC ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziqhayisa unxibelelwano oluphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kothungelwano, okwenza ulawulo lwenkqubo enkulu okanye ukusekwa kweenkqubo zolawulo lothungelwano olusasazwayo, ngaloo ndlela kuphunyezwa i-automation yefektri.
2.3 Ukuhlelwa ngokwamanqaku e-I/O
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lamanqaku e-I/O, ii-PLC zinokuhlelwa zibe ziindidi ezincinci, eziphakathi, nezinkulu.
(1) I-PLC encinci
Ii-PLC ezincinci zineengongoma ezingaphantsi kwe-256 ze-I/O, zine-CPU enye, kwaye zisebenzisa i-8-bit okanye i-16-bit processors. Umthamo wabo wememori yomsebenzisi ungaphantsi kwe-4KB.
(2) I-PLC ephakathi
Ii-PLC eziphakathi ziphakathi kwe-256 kunye ne-2048 amanqaku e-I / O, zisebenzisa ii-CPU ezimbini, kwaye zinomthamo wememori yomsebenzisi ukusuka kwi-2KB ukuya kwi-8KB.
(3) I-PLC enkulu
Ii-PLC ezinkulu ziqhayisa ngamanqaku angama-2048 e-I/O, zisebenzisa ii-CPU ezininzi, kwaye zixhotyiswe nge-16-bit okanye i-32-bit processors. Umthamo wememori yomsebenzisi ukusuka kwi-8KB ukuya kwi-16KB.
Ehlabathini lonke, iimveliso ze-PLC zinokuhlelwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu zengingqi: iMelika, iYurophu kunye neJapan. Itekhnoloji ye-PLC yaseMelika neyaseYurophu yaphuhliswa ngokuzimeleyo, ikhokelela kumahluko owahlukileyo phakathi kweemveliso zabo. Itekhnoloji yaseJapan ye-PLC, eyaziswa isuka e-United States, izuza njengelifa iimpawu ezithile kwii-PLC zaseMelika kodwa igxile kwii-PLC ezinobungakanani obuncinci. Ngelixa ii-PLC zaseMelika nezaseYurophu zaziwa ngeminikelo yazo ephakathi kunye nenkulu, iiPLC zaseJapan zidume ngoogxa bazo abancinci.
II. Imisebenzi kunye neMiba yokusetyenziswa kwee-PLCs
Ii-PLC zidibanisa iingenelo zolawulo lwe-relay-contactor kunye nokuguquguquka kweekhompyuter. Olu luyilo lwahlukileyo赋予了PLCs zininzi izinto ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abalawuli.
1. Imisebenzi yee-PLCs
Njengesixhobo solawulo oluzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso esigxile kwii-microprocessors kunye nokudibanisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter, itekhnoloji yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kunye netekhnoloji yonxibelelwano, ii-PLCs zibonelela ngobuninzi bezinto ezilungileyo. Ezi ziquka ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ubungakanani be-compact, ukusebenza okuqinileyo, ukuyila kweprogram elula kunye nokuguquguqukayo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokugcinwa lula. Ngenxa yoko, ii-PLCs zifumana usetyenziso olubanzi kumacandelo anje ngesinyithi, amandla, iikhemikhali, ezothutho, kunye nokuveliswa kombane, zivela njengenye yeentsika ezintathu zolawulo lwale mihla lwemizi-mveliso (ekunye neerobhothi kunye neCAD/CAM). Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zee-PLCs, iifom zazo ezisebenzayo zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Ukutshintsha uLawulo lokuQiniseka
Ii-PLCs zinamandla obuchule obuqilima bokubala, okubenza ukuba bafikelele kulawulo olulula noluntsonkothileyo olunengqiqo. Lo ngowona mmandla usisiseko kwaye usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-PLCs, uthatha indawo yolawulo lonxibelelwano lwesiqhelo.
(2) Ulawulo lwe-Analog
PLIi-Cs zixhotyiswe ngeemodyuli ze-A/D kunye ne-D/A zokuguqula. Imodyuli ye-A / D iguqula ubuninzi be-analog ukusuka kwintsimi-efana nokushisa, uxinzelelo, ukuhamba, kunye nesantya-kwimilinganiselo yedijithali. Ezi zixa zedijithali zicutshungulwa yi-microprocessor ngaphakathi kwe-PLC (njengoko i-microprocessors inokusingatha kuphela ubuninzi bedijithali) kwaye emva koko isetyenziselwa ukulawula. Kungenjalo, imodyuli ye-D/A iguqula ubungakanani bedijithali bubuyele kubungakanani be-analog ukulawula into elawulwayo, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ii-PLC ukuba zilawule ubungakanani be-analog.
(3) Ulawulo lwenkqubo
Ii-PLC zanamhlanje eziphakathi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu bubonisa iimodyuli zolawulo lwe-PID, ezivumela ulawulo lwenkqubo evaliweyo. Xa i-variable variable ngexesha lenkqubo yokulawula, i-PLC ibala umphumo ochanekileyo usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-PID, ngaloo ndlela ilungisa inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokugcina ukuguquguquka kwi-setpoint. Okwangoku, ii-PLC ezininzi ezinobungakanani obuncinci zikwabandakanya ukusebenza kolawulo lwe-PID.
(4) Ulawulo lwexesha nokubala
Ii-PLCs ziqhayisa ngokubala ixesha elomeleleyo nokubala, ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngamashumi amabini, amakhulu, okanye amawaka ezibali zokubala kunye nokubala. Ubude bexesha kunye nemilinganiselo yokubala inokumiselwa ngokungqongqo ngumsebenzisi xa ebhala inkqubo yomsebenzisi, okanye ngabaqhubi kwisayithi ngokusebenzisa umdwelisi weprogram. Oku kwenza ulawulo lwexesha nokubala. Ukuba abasebenzisi badinga ukubala izibonakaliso eziphezulu ze-frequency, banokukhetha iimodyuli zokubala ngesantya esiphezulu.
(5) Ulawulo olulandelelanayo
Kulawulo lwamashishini, ulawulo olulandelelanayo lunokufezekiswa ngemiyalelo yenyathelo le-PLC okanye inkqubo yerejista yeshifti.
(6) UkuLungiswa kweDatha
Ii-PLC zanamhlanje azikwazi nje ukwenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic, ugqithiso lwedatha, ukuhlela, kunye nokujonga itafile kodwa ziyakwazi ukwenza uthelekiso lwedatha, ukuguqulwa kwedatha, unxibelelwano lwedatha, ukuboniswa kwedatha, kunye nokushicilela. Banamandla obuchule bokwenza idatha.
(7) Unxibelelwano kunye noThungelwano
Uninzi lwee-PLC zanamhlanje zibandakanya unxibelelwano kunye nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, equkethe iRS-232 okanye iRS-485 ujongano lolawulo olukude lwe-I/O. Ii-PLC ezininzi zinokudityaniswa kwaye zinxibelelane omnye nomnye. Iiyunithi zokucwangcisa imiqondiso yezixhobo zangaphandle zinokutshintshiselana ngeenkqubo kunye nedatha kunye nomlawuli omnye okanye abangaphezulu abanokucwangciswa. Ukudluliselwa kwenkqubo, ukuhanjiswa kwefayile yedatha, ukubeka iliso, kunye nokuxilongwa kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa unxibelelwano lonxibelelwano okanye abaqhubekisi bonxibelelwano, abasebenzisa i-interfaces ye-hardware eqhelekileyo okanye iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano lobunikazi ukuququzelela inkqubo kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha.
2. Imiba yokusetyenziswa kwee-PLCs
Okwangoku, ii-PLCs ziqeshwe ngokubanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya intsimbi kunye nentsimbi, i-petroleum, iikhemikhali, amandla, izinto zokwakha, ukuveliswa koomatshini, iimoto, amalaphu alula, ukuthutha, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokuzonwabisa kwenkcubeko. Izicelo zabo zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Ukutshintsha uLawulo lokuQiniseka
Le yeyona ndawo isisiseko kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-PLCs, ithatha indawo yeesekethe zokuhanjiswa kwesiqhelo ukuze kuphunyezwe ulawulo olunengqiqo nolulandelelanayo. Ii-PLCs zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula umatshini omnye kunye nokulawula amaqela amaninzi kunye nemigca yokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo, njengoomatshini bokubumba inaliti, oomatshini bokushicilela, oomatshini bokudibanisa, izixhobo zokudibanisa umatshini, oomatshini bokugaya, ukupakisha imigca yokuvelisa, kunye nemigca yokuhlanganisa i-electroplating.
(2) Ulawulo lwe-Analog
Kwiinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, amanani amaninzi ahlukeneyo-afana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, ukuhamba, inqanaba lolwelo, kunye nesantya-zizixa ze-analog. Ukwenza ii-PLC zikwazi ukusingatha ubungakanani be-analog, i-A/D kunye ne-D/A yokuguqulwa phakathi kwe-analog kunye ne-digital quantities kufuneka yenziwe. Abavelisi be-PLC bavelisa ehamba kunye ne-A / D kunye ne-D / A iimodyuli zokuguqula ukuququzelela izicelo zolawulo lwe-analog kwii-PLCs.
(3) Ukulawula ukunyakaza
PLCingasetyenziselwa ukujikeleza okanye ulawulo lwentshukumo. Ngokumalunga nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokulawula, izicelo zangaphambili zidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-sensor isikhundla kunye ne-actuators ukutshintsha iimodyuli ze-I / O. Kule mihla, iimodyuli ezikhethekileyo zolawulo lwentshukumo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ezi modyuli zinokuqhuba i-single-axis okanye ulawulo lwesikhundla se-multi-axis kwiimotor ezinyathelayo okanye iimotor ze-servo. Phantse zonke iimveliso eziphambili zabavelisi be-PLC kwihlabathi liphela zibonisa amandla okulawula intshukumo, asetyenziswa kakhulu koomatshini abahlukeneyo, izixhobo zoomatshini, iirobhothi, izinyusi kunye nezinye izicelo.
(4) Ulawulo lwenkqubo
Ulawulo lwenkqubo lubhekisa kulawulo oluvaliweyo lwemilinganiselo ye-analog efana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuhamba. Inezicelo ezibanzi kwimimandla efana nesinyithi, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, unyango lobushushu, kunye nolawulo lwebhoyila. Njengeekhompyuter zolawulo lwamashishini, ii-PLCs zinokucwangciswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukuphumeza ulawulo oluvaliweyo. Ulawulo lwe-PID yindlela yokulawula esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokulawula i-loop evaliweyo. Zombini ii-PLCs eziphakathi kunye nezinkulu zixhotyiswe ngeemodyuli ze-PID, kwaye okwangoku, ii-PLC ezininzi ezinobungakanani obuncinci zikwabonisa le modyuli esebenzayo. Ukusetyenzwa kwe-PID ngokubanzi kubandakanya ukuqhuba i-subroutine ye-PID ezinikeleyo.
(5) UkuLungiswa kweDatha
Ii-PLC zale mihla zixhotyiswe ngemisebenzi yezibalo (kubandakanywa nokubalwa kwematriki, ukubala umsebenzi, ukusebenza okusengqiqweni), ugqithiso lwedatha, uguqulo lwedatha, ukuhlela, ukujonga itafile, kunye nemisebenzi yokuguqula kancinci. Banokwenza ukufumana idatha, uhlalutyo, kunye nokucubungula. Ezi datha zinokuthelekiswa nemilinganiselo yereferensi egcinwe kwimemori ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yokulawula okanye idluliselwe kwezinye izixhobo ezikrelekrele ngemisebenzi yonxibelelwano. Zisenokuprintwa kwaye zenziwe kwitheyibhile. Ukusetyenzwa kwedatha ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zolawulo, ezifana neenkqubo zokuvelisa eziguquguqukayo ezingenamntu, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo, ezifana nezo zenza iphepha, isinyithi, kunye neshishini lokutya.
(6) Unxibelelwano kunye noThungelwano
Unxibelelwano lwe-PLC luquka unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-PLC naphakathi kwee-PLC nezinye izixhobo ezikrelekrele. Ngophuhliso lolawulo lwekhompyuter, uthungelwano lwe-automation networks luqhubele phambili ngokukhawuleza. Bonke abavelisi be-PLC babeka ugxininiso olukhulu kubuchule bonxibelelwano bee-PLC kwaye bazise iinkqubo zabo zothungelwano. Ii-PLC ezisandul' ukuveliswa zixhotyiswe ngonxibelelwano lonxibelelwano, lwenza unxibelelwano lube lula kakhulu.
III. Ubume obuSisiseko kunye noMgaqo wokuSebenza wee-PLCs
Njengekhompyuter yolawulo lweshishini, ii-PLCs zabelana ngokufana kwisakhiwo kunye neekhompyuter eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko uvela ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenjongo.
1. Amacandelo e-Hardware yee-PLCs
Umzobo osisiseko womamkeli wePLC ubonisiwe kumzobo ongezantsi: [Umfanekiso]
Kumzobo, i-PLC host host iqukethe i-CPU, imemori (i-EPROM, i-RAM), iiyunithi zegalelo / imveliso, i-peripheral I / O interfaces, i-interfaces yonxibelelwano, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla. Kwii-PLCs ezidityanisiweyo, onke la macandelo agcinwe kwikhabhinethi enye. Kwii-PLC zemodyuli, icandelo ngalinye lihlanganiswe ngokuzimeleyo njengemodyuli, kwaye iimodyuli zixhunyiwe nge-rack kunye neentambo. Zonke iindawo ezingaphakathi komkhosi ziqhagamshelwe ngeebhasi zamandla, iibhasi zolawulo, iidilesi zeebhasi, kunye neebhasi zedatha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeyona nto yokulawula, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ziqwalaselwe ukwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula i-PLC.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zangaphandle ziquka abadwelisi, abashicileli, kunye nababhali be-EPROM. Ii-PLCs nazo zinokuxhotyiswa ngeemodyuli zonxibelelwano ukuze zinxibelelane noomatshini abakwizinga eliphezulu kunye nezinye ii-PLC, ngaloo ndlela zenza inkqubo yolawulo esasazwayo yee-PLC.
Ngezantsi sisingeniso kwicandelo ngalinye le-PLC kunye nendima yayo, ukunceda abasebenzisi baqonde ngcono imigaqo yolawulo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ze-PLCs.
(1) CPU
I-CPU liziko lolawulo lwe-PLC. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwe-CPU, i-PLC ilungelelanisa kwaye isebenze ngocwangco ukuze ifezekise ulawulo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesayithi. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-microprocessor kunye nomlawuli, i-CPU inokwenza imisebenzi enengqondo kunye nezibalo kunye nokulungelelanisa umsebenzi wamacandelo angaphakathi angaphakathi kwinkqubo yokulawula. Umlawuli ulawula ukusebenza ngokucwangcisiweyo kwazo zonke iindawo ze-microprocessor. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukufunda imiyalelo evela kwinkumbulo kwaye uyiphumeze.
(2) Inkumbulo
Ii-PLC zixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezimbini zememori: imemori yenkqubo kunye nememori yomsebenzisi. Imemori yesixokelelwano igcina iinkqubo zolawulo lwesixokelelwano, abasebenzisi abangenakufikelela okanye ukuziguqula. Iivenkile zememori yomsebenzisi ziqokelele iinkqubo zesicelo kunye neengxelo zedatha yomsebenzi. Inxalenye yememori yomsebenzisi egcina iindawo zedatha yomsebenzi yaziwa njengendawo yokugcina idatha. Ibandakanya imimandla yemifanekiso yedatha yegalelo/imveliso, iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nexabiso langoku leedatha zexesha/izixhobo zokubala, kunye nemimandla ye-buffer yokugcina iziphumo eziphakathi.
Inkumbulo ye-PLC ibandakanya ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:
Inkumbulo yokufunda kuphela (ROM)
Inkumbulo ecwangcisekileyo yokufunda-kuphela (PROM)
IMemori Ecimayo Efundeka Kuphela (EPROM)
IMemori Efundeka Kuphela Enokususwa ngoMbane (EEPROM)
Inkumbulo yoFikelelo ngokuNgaqhelekiyo (RAM)
(3) Igalelo/Imveliso (I/O) Iimodyuli
① Ukutshintsha imodyuli yeNgeniso
Ukutshintsha izixhobo zokufaka igalelo ziquka iiswitshi ezahlukeneyo, amaqhosha, abenzi boluvo, njl njl. Iintlobo zegalelo le-PLC zinokuba yi-DC, i-AC, okanye zombini. Ukunikezelwa kombane kwisekethe yegalelo kunokubonelelwa ngaphandle, okanye kwezinye iimeko, kunikwe ngaphakathi yi-PLC.
② Ukutshintsha iModyuli yeZiphumo
Imodyuli yokuphuma iguqula imiqondiso yolawulo lwenqanaba le-TTL ephuma yi-CPU xa kusenziwa inkqubo yomsebenzisi kwiimpawu ezifunekayo kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuqhuba izixhobo ezithile, ngaloo ndlela kusebenze indlela yokubulawa.
(4) uMcwangcisi
Umdwelisi sisixhobo sangaphandle esiyimfuneko kwii-PLCs. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake iinkqubo kwimemori yenkqubo yomsebenzisi ye-PLC, iinkqubo zokucoca, kunye nokubeka esweni ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo. Ngokwenkqubo, abadwelisi benkqubo banokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:
UMcwangcisi obambe ngesandla
uMdwelisi woMzobo
INkqubo yeKhompyutha ngokubanzi
(5) Ubonelelo lwaMandla
Iyunithi yokunikezelwa kwamandla iguqula amandla angaphandle (umzekelo, i-220V AC) kwi-voltage yokusebenza yangaphakathi. Umbane oqhagamshelwe ngaphandle uguqulwa ube ngumbane osebenzayo ofunwa ziisekethe zangaphakathi ze-PLC (umzekelo, i-DC 5V, ±12V, 24V) ngolawulo lombane lwemowudi yokutshintsha ezinikeleyo ngaphakathi kwePLC. Ikwabonelela ngobonelelo lwamandla e-24V DC kwizixhobo zokufaka zangaphandle (umzekelo, iswitshi ekufutshane) (yeendawo zokufaka kuphela). Ubonelelo lwamandla okuqhuba imithwalo yePLC lubonelelwa ngu...
(6) IiNdibaniselwano zePeripheral
Iisekethe zojongano lweperipheral ziqhagamshela abadwelisi benkqubo abaphathwa ngesandla okanye abanye abadwelisi benkqubo begraphical, iziboniso zeteksti, kwaye zinokwenza inethiwekhi yolawulo yePLC ngojongano lweperipheral. Ii-PLCs zinokuqhagamshela kwiikhompyuter zisebenzisa intambo yePC/PPI okanye ikhadi leMPI ngojongano lweRS-485, ukwenza inkqubo, ukubeka iliso, ukunxibelelana kunye neminye imisebenzi.
2. Iinxalenye zeSoftware yee-PLCs
Isoftware yePLC ibandakanya iinkqubo zenkqubo kunye neenkqubo zabasebenzisi. Iinkqubo zenkqubo ziyilwe kwaye zibhalwe ngabavelisi be-PLC kwaye zigcinwe kwimemori yenkqubo ye-PLC. Abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo, ukubhala, okanye ukuziguqula. Iinkqubo zenkqubo zibandakanya iinkqubo zokuxilonga, iinkqubo zokucwangcisa igalelo, iinkqubo zokuhlanganisa, iinkqubo zokudlulisa ulwazi, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso, phakathi kwabanye.
Uiinkqubo ze-ser ziqulunqwe ngabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iilwimi zeprogram ye-PLC ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zolawulo. Kwizicelo ze-PLC, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukusebenzisa iilwimi zeprogram ye-PLC ukubhala iinkqubo zabasebenzisi ukufezekisa iinjongo zokulawula. Kuba ii-PLCs ziphuhliselwe ngokukodwa ulawulo lwamashishini, abasebenzisi bazo abaphambili ngamagcisa ombane. Ukukhawulelana nemikhwa yabo yemveli kunye nobuchule babo bokufunda, ii-PLCs ikakhulu zisebenzisa iilwimi ezizinikeleyo ezilula, eziqondakalayo, neziqondakalayo xa zithelekiswa neelwimi zekhompyutha.
Ulwakhiwo lweMiyalelo yoMzobo
Uguquguquko olucacileyo kunye neZiqhelo
Ulwakhiwo Lwenkqubo Olulula
Inkqubo yokuVeliswa kweSoftwe yeSicelo esenziwe Lula
Izixhobo zokulungisa eziphuculweyo
3. UMmiselo wokuSebenza oSisiseko wee-PLCs
Inkqubo yokuskena ye-PLC yahlulahlulwe yazizigaba ezithathu: iisampulu yegalelo, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yomsebenzisi, kunye nokuhlaziya imveliso. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso: [Umfanekiso]
Input Sampling Stage
Ngexesha lokufaka isampula yesampulu, i-PLC ifunda ngokulandelelana zonke iimeko zegalelo kunye nedatha ngendlela yokuskena kwaye igcine kwiiyunithi ezihambelanayo zendawo ye-I / O yomfanekiso. Emva kokuba iisampulu yegalelo igqityiwe, inkqubo iqhubela phambili kusetyenziso lwenkqubo yomsebenzisi kunye nezigaba zokuhlaziya iziphumo. Kulezi zigaba zibini, nokuba ngaba i-status input kunye nedatha yokutshintsha, i-status kunye nedatha kwiiyunithi ezihambelanayo zendawo ye-I / O yesithombe aziyi kuguqulwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba igalelo ngumqondiso we-pulse, ububanzi be-pulse kufuneka bube bukhulu kunomjikelezo omnye wokuskena ukuqinisekisa ukuba igalelo linokufundwa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.
Inqanaba lokuSebenza kweNkqubo yoMsebenzisi
Ngexesha lenqanaba lokwenziwa kweprogram yomsebenzisi, i-PLC isoloko iskena inkqubo yomsebenzisi (umzobo weleli) ngokulandelelana ukusuka phezulu ukuya phantsi. Xa uskena umzobo weleli nganye, uqala ukukhangela isekethe yolawulo eyenziwe ngabafowunelwa kwicala lasekhohlo lomzobo weleli. Imisebenzi enengqiqo yenziwa kwisiphaluka solawulo ngokushiya ukuya ekunene, ukuya phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Emva koko, ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zokusebenza ezinengqiqo, ubume besuntswana elihambelanayo kwinkqubo yendawo yokugcina i-RAM yecoil enengqiqo iyahlaziywa, okanye ubume besuntswana elihambelanayo kwindawo yomfanekiso we-I / O yecoil yokuphuma ihlaziywa, okanye kumiselwe ukuba ngaba ukwenza imiyalelo yomsebenzi okhethekileyo ochazwe ngumzobo weleli.
Okokuthi, ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kweprogram yomsebenzisi, kuphela i-status kunye nedatha yamanqaku egalelo kwindawo ye-I / O yomfanekiso ihlala ingatshintshi, ngelixa i-status kunye nedatha yamanye amanqaku aphumayo kunye nezixhobo ezithambileyo kwindawo yomfanekiso we-I / O okanye inkqubo yendawo yokugcina i-RAM ingatshintsha. Imizobo yeleli ebekwe phezulu iya kuchaphazela iziphumo zokwenziwa kwelari esezantsi ebonisa ezi khoyili okanye idatha. Ngokwahlukileyo, amanani ahlaziyiweyo okanye idatha yeekhoyili ezinengqiqo kwimizobo yeleli esezantsi iya kuba nefuthe kuphela kwidayagramu yeleli ephezulu kumjikelo olandelayo wokuskena.
Isigaba Sokuhlaziya Isiphumo
Xa iskena seprogram yomsebenzisi sigqityiwe, i-PLC ingena kwinqanaba lokuhlaziya imveliso. Ngeli nqanaba, i-CPU ihlaziya zonke iisekethe ze-latch eziphumayo ngokwemigangatho kunye nedatha kwindawo yesithombe se-I / O kwaye iqhuba iiperipherals ezihambelanayo ngeesekethe zokuphuma. Oku kuphawula isiphumo esiyinyani sePLC.
I-Input / Output Lag Phenomenon
Ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusebenza ye-PLC, ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zinokufikelelwa:
Iinkqubo ziqhutywa ngendlela yokuskena, okukhokelela ekubambeni okubambekayo kubudlelwane obunengqiqo phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemveliso yemiqondiso. Okukhona umjikelo wokuskena umde, kokukhona kusiba nzima ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kwixesha elithathwe ngamanqanaba amathathu angundoqo okusebenza-iisampulu yegalelo, ukusetyenziswa kweprogram yomsebenzisi, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemveliso-umjikelo wokuskena uquka ixesha elichithwe yimisebenzi yokulawula inkqubo. Ixesha elithathiweyo lokwenziwa kwenkqubo linxulumene nobude beprogram kunye nobunzima bemisebenzi yomyalelo, ngelixa ezinye izinto zihlala zingatshintshi. Imijikelo yokuskena iqhelekile ngokolandelelwano lwee-milliseconds okanye ii-microseconds.
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kokuskena kwe-nth, idatha yegalelo ekuxhomekeke kuyo lixabiso lesampuli X elifunyenwe ngexesha lesampulu yesigaba saloo mjikelo wokuskena. Idatha yemveliso Y (n) isekelwe kuzo zombini ixabiso lemveliso Y (n-1) ukusuka kwiskena sangaphambili kunye nexabiso lemveliso yangoku Yn. Umqondiso othunyelwe kwi-terminal yemveliso umele isiphumo sokugqibela se-Yn emva kokuba zonke izibalo zenziwe ngexesha lalo mjikelo.
Igalelo/isiphumo sokuphendula lag ayinxulumananga kuphela nendlela yokuskena kodwa nakwilungiselelo loyilo lwenkqubo.