Ulawulo lokuziSebenzisa koMbane: Imigaqo yobuNjineli boMbane
Ulawulo lokuziSebenzisa koMbane: Imigaqo yobuNjineli boMbane
Amandla asebenzayo
Kwisizukulwana, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AC, isahlulo samandla esiguqulelwa kwifom ye-electromagnetic sibhekiswa kuso njengamandla asebenzayo.
Amandla asebenzayo
Kwisizukulwana, usasazo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AC, inxalenye yamandla ebandakanyekayo kutshintshiselwano lwemimandla ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwesekethe ibizwa ngokuba ngamandla asebenzayo.
Inkqubo yaMandla
Inkqubo yamandla iquka iijenereyitha, izixhobo zokuhambisa, izitishi ezisezantsi nezinyukayo, iintambo zombane, kunye nabasebenzisi bombane.
Ukufuduswa kwendawo engathathi hlangothi
Kwisekethe yesigaba sesithathu, ukuba umbane wamandla ulungelelene kwaye umthwalo wesigaba sesithathu u-symmetrical, i-voltage ye-neutral point i-zero kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho umgca ongathathi hlangothi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umthwalo wesigaba sesithathu u-asymmetrical kwaye akukho mgca ungathathi hlangothi okanye i-impedance ye-neutral line ibalulekile, i-voltage iya kubonakala kwindawo engathathi hlangothi. Lo mcimbi waziwa njenge-netiter point displacement.
Ukugqithiswa koMsebenzi
Ukunyuka kwamandla ombane okwexeshana okubangelwa yisekethe - imisebenzi ye-breaker okanye i-short-circuit kunye ne-ground-fault conditions zibizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltages yokusebenza.
I-Resonant Overvoltage
Ukunyuka kwe-voltage ngenxa yeemeko eziguquguqukayo kumandla - iisekethe zenkqubo ngenxa yesekethe - imisebenzi ye-breaker okanye i-saturation yentsimbi - amacandelo angundoqo abizwa ngokuba yi-resonant overvoltages.
Uqhagamshelo olungundoqo loMbane
Kwimizi-mveliso yamandla, izitishi ezincinci, kunye neenkqubo zombane, uqhagamshelo olungundoqo lombane lubhekiselele kwisekethe yombane ophezulu ochaza uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo zombane ukuhlangabezana nombane - uthumelo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.
Kabini - uQhagamshelwano lweBhasi
Olu lungelelwaniso lubonisa iiseti ezimbini zeebhasi: ibhasi esebenzayo (I) kunye nebhasi yokulinda (II). Isekethe nganye iqhagamshelwe kwiibhasi zombini ngokusebenzisa i-breaker circuit kunye neeseti ezimbini zokutshintsha okukodwa, kunye neebhasi ezidityaniswe yi-bus-tie circuit breaker.
Enye - kunye - a - Half - Breaker Connection
Kolu lungelelwaniso, isibini ngasinye sezinto (imigca ephumayo okanye imithombo yamandla) idityaniswe kwiibhasi ezimbini ngokusebenzisa i-breakers ezintathu zesekethe, ezenza "i-one-and-half-breaker" uxhumano, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-3/2 uxhumano.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eFactory
* Ngexesha lokuqalisa, ukusebenza, ukuvalwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo sombane, isixa esibalulekileyo sezixhobo zombane, ubukhulu becala oomatshini abaqhutywa yimoto, bayafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo eziphambili zomzi-mveliso kunye neenkqubo ezincedisayo ezifana nokuphatha amalahle, ukutyunyuzwa kwamalahle, ukususwa kothuthu, ukuqokelela uthuli, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Zonke izixhobo zombane ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenza kweplanti, ukulawula, ukuvavanya, ukugcinwa, kunye nokukhanyisa ziwela phantsi kokusetyenziswa kwamandla efektri.
Ireyithi yokuSetyenziswa kwamandla eFactory
* Ipesenti yombane osetyenziselwe iinjongo zombane wefektri xa kuthelekiswa nombane uwonke oveliswa ngumzi-mveliso ubizwa ngokuba lizinga lokusetyenziswa kombane womzi-mveliso, nto leyo ebonisa uqoqosho olungundoqo lokusebenza kweplanti yombane.
Umthwalo oqhubekayo
* IiMoto ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo yonke imihla.
Umthwalo wethutyana
* Imithwalo esetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha lokugcinwa, iingozi, okanye ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokuvalwa koomatshini kunye neebhoyila.
Umthwalo oqhubekayo
* Imithwalo esebenza ngaphezu kweeyure ezi-2 ngexesha.
Mfutshane - Ixesha Lomthwalo
* Imithwalo esebenza kwi-10 ukuya kwi-120 imizuzu ngexesha.
Cyclic Umthwalo
* Imithwalo ejikeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nexesha elingadlulanga kwimizuzu eyi-10.
Self-Restart of Motors
* Kwimeko yokwehla kwamandla ombane ngequbuliso okanye wanyamalala kwibhasi yonikezelo lwenkqubo yamandla emizi-mveliso, ukuba i-voltage yebhasi yebhasi ibuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngexeshana elifutshane (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.5 imizuzwana) ngelixa isantya semoto singekancipha kakhulu okanye sime, i-motor iya kuzinyusa kwaye iqalise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-self-restart ye-motor.
Ilahleko Yolonwabo
* Isenzeko apho ijenereyitha ehambelanayo ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ilahlekelwe nguvuselelo kubhekiswa kuyo njengelahleko yovuselelo.
Inkqubo Yokulawula Uchulumanco
* Inkqubo iyonke equka isilawuli sovuselelo, iyunithi yamandla e-excitation, kunye nejenereyitha ngokwayo ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokulawula imincili.
Self-Compounded Static Excitation System
* Inkqubo yovuselelo esebenzisa isiguquli-mandla esiqhagamshelwe kwimveliso yejenereyitha (esibizwa ngokuba sisiguquli sovuselelo) njengomthombo wamandla ovuselelo. Emva kokulungiswa kwesilicon, inika uchulumanco kwijenereyitha. Ekubeni i-excitation transformer idityaniswe ngokuhambelana nemveliso ye-generator, le ndlela yokuvuselela ibizwa ngokuba yi-self-compounded. Njengoko i-excitation transformer kunye ne-rectifier zingamacandelwana amileyo, inkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-self-compounded static excitation system.
Isiguquli sesixhobo
* Iziguquli zesixhobo zizivamvo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamandla ukunika ulwazi kwiprayimari - iparameters zombane wesekethe ukuya kweyesibini - izixhobo zesekethe ezifana nezixhobo zokulinganisa, ukukhuselwa kwerelay, kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo. Zisebenza ngokuguqula ngokulinganayo amandla ombane aphezulu kunye nemisinga emikhulu ukuthoba amandla ombane kunye nemisinga emincinci.
SF₆ Umqhekezi weSekethe
* I-breaker circuit esebenzisa igesi ye-SF₆, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-arc egqwesileyo yokucima kunye ne-insulating properties, ibizwa ngokuba yi-SF₆ circuit breaker. Ibonisa amandla okuphazamisa olomeleleyo kunye nobukhulu obubambeneyo kodwa inesakhiwo esinzima, ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ephezulu, kunye neendleko eziphezulu.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• I-vacuum circuit breaker isebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-dielectric ye-vacuum ukucima ii-arcs. Ibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwe-arc - ukucima, ukuchasana ne-oxidation yabafowunelwa, ubomi obude benkonzo, kunye nobukhulu be-compact.
Ukusebenza Grounding
* Ukumisa okusebenzayo kubhekiselele kumanyathelo okumisa ayimfuneko ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo zamandla. Umzekelo, ukumiselwa kwamanqaku angathathi hlangothi kwiinkqubo zokungathathi hlangothi ezisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo kunceda ukuzinzisa amandla egridi kwaye kuvumela ukuthomalalisa okucuthiweyo emhlabeni.
UkuKhuselwa koMbane ukuGrounding
* Isiseko sokukhusela umbane siphunyezwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhusela umbane. Iqinisekisa ukuba imisinga yombane iqondiswe ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umbane-umbane ogqithisekileyo kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-overvoltage protectioning grounding.
Ukhuseleko Lomhlaba
• Ekwabizwa ngokuba yisiseko sokhuseleko, isiseko sokhuselo siyaphunyezwa ukukhusela ubomi bomntu. Kubandakanya ukudibanisa iindawo ezivaliweyo zetsimbi (kubandakanywa neeshethi zekhebula) zezixhobo zombane kwisistim sokumisa ukuthintela iingozi zokutshatyalaliswa kombane xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli kokufakelwa kwezixhobo.
Izixhobo kunye nokuLawula i-Grounding
* I-instrumentation kunye nokulawulwa komhlaba kubhekiselele kumanyathelo okumisa aphunyezwe kwiinkqubo zokulawula ukushisa, iinkqubo zokufumana idatha, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kwikhompyutha, i-transistor - okanye i-microprocessor - iinkqubo zokukhusela i-relay, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezikude kwizityalo zamandla. Injongo kukuzinzisa amandla ombane kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yombane.
Ukunyathela phantsi
* Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kukuxhathisa okuhlangatyezwana nayo njengoko ikhoyo ngoku iqukuqela kwi-electrode yokumisa emhlabeni kwaye isasazeka ngaphandle.
Amandla ombane
*I-voltage ichazwa njengomsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla ombane ekuhambiseni iyunithi yentlawulo elungileyo ukusuka kwisakhono esiphezulu ukuya kwisakhono esisezantsi.
Okwangoku
* Okwangoku yinto ebonakalayo yomyalelo, intshukumo yolwalathiso lwenani elikhulu leentlawulo zombane phantsi kwefuthe lentsimi yombane.
Ukuchasa
* Ukumelana yinkcaso ehlangabezana nayo ngokuqukuqela komqhubi. Ivela kwiingxabano phakathi kwee-electron zamahhala kunye ne-athomu okanye iiathomu kwi-conductor ngexesha lokuhamba kwazo.
Ilinganiswe ngoku kwiMoto
* Umjelo olinganisiweyo wemoto ngowona mkhulu wangoku wokusebenza apho injini inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Amandla Factor of Motor
* Umba wamandla wemoto ngumlinganiselo wamandla ayo asebenzayo alinganisiweyo kumandla ayo abonakalayo alinganisiweyo.
Ulinganiso lweVoltage yeMoto
* Umbane olinganisiweyo wemoto yivoltheji yombane apho injini isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezilinganisiweyo.
Amandla alinganiselweyo eMoto
• Amandla alinganisiweyo enjini kukukhutshwa kwamandla ngoomatshini kwishafti yenjini xa isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezilinganisiweyo.
Isantya esilinganiselweyo seMoto
* Isantya esilinganiselweyo senjini sisantya apho injini isebenza khona xa inikwe amandla ombane okalwayo, ukuphindaphindwa okuthelekelelayo, naphantsi komthwalo obekiweyo.
Amandla System Oscillation
* I-oscillation yesistim yamandla ibhekisa ekungazinzini okubangelwa ziziphazamiso ezinje ngeempazamo zemigca okanye i-circuit - breaker trips. Ibonakala njengezibonakaliso ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kumthwalo kunye neemitha zombane.
Ukhuseleko Lomhlaba
* Isiseko sokukhusela sibandakanya ukudibanisa iindawo ezivaliweyo zetsimbi kunye nezakhelo zezixhobo zombane kwinkqubo yokumisa. Kwiinkqubo zamandla ezinamanqaku angathathi hlangothi angenasiseko, ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu.
Ukudibanisa okuKhuselekileyo
* Kwiinkqubo zamandla ezinamanqaku angathathi hlangothi, ukudibanisa okukhuselekileyo kubandakanya ukudibanisa iintsimbi zetsimbi kunye nezakhelo zezixhobo zombane kwi-conductor engathathi hlangothi. Eli linyathelo lokhuseleko elibalulekileyo lokukhusela ubomi bomntu.
Ibhasi
• Ibha yebhasi ngumqhubi oqokelela kwaye usasaze amandla ombane. Isebenza njenge-node yombane kwiinkqubo zamandla, imisela inani lezixhobo zokusasaza kunye nokubonisa indlela iijeneretha, ii-transformers, kunye nemigca exhunywe ngayo ukugqiba ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokusabalalisa imisebenzi.
Isekethe emfutshane
* Isiphaluka esifutshane senzeke xa izigaba zixhunywe omnye komnye okanye emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa i-impedance ephantsi okanye ngokuthe ngqo, okubangela ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwi-current current.
Umbane womgca
* Kwisekethe yezigaba ezithathu, amandla ombane ombane abhekisa kumbane phakathi kwawo nawaphi na abaqhubi bezigaba ezibini.
Ukuvala kwakhona okuzenzekelayo
* Ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo sisixhobo esiphinda sivale ngokuzenzekelayo i-breaker circuit emva kwesiphoso - uhambo olunyanzeliswayo ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla.
Ukuqhekeka kweVoltage
* Umbane wokuqhawula amandla ombane apho isikhuselo se-insulating sisilela kwaye siqhuba umbane.
Ngqo ngoku (DC)
* Umsinga othe ngqo ubhekiselele kumbane apho amandla ombane kunye nobukhulu bangoku kunye nesalathiso zingatshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
DC Izixhobo
* Izixhobo ze-DC zibhekisela kwizixhobo ezibonelela ngamandla e-DC kukhuseleko lokudlulisa, iisekethe zolawulo, kunye nezibane zikaxakeka.
Mfutshane - Umlinganiselo weSekethe
* I-short-circuit ratio ye-synchronous generator ngumlinganiselo we-excitation current kwi-rerated current kwi-rated speed kunye ne-open-circuit voltage kwi-excitation current kwi-recitation current kwi-rated short - current circuit current.
I-Electromotive Force (EMF)
* I-EMF enyanzelwayo iveliswa xa i-magnetic flux kwi-loop eqhubayo itshintsha, okanye xa umqhubi we-conductor enqumla kwimigca yemagnethi.
Ubuchule beJenereyitha
* Ukusebenza kakuhle kweJenereyitha ngumlinganiselo wamandla emveliso yejenereyitha kumandla ayo okufakwayo, echazwa njengepesenti. Ibhekisa kwixabiso phantsi kweemeko ezilinganisiweyo.
Shaft yangoku
* Umsinga weshaft ngumsinga oqukuqela ukusuka kwelinye icala leshafti yejenereyitha yomoya ukuphumela kwibheringi kunye nesiseko ukuya kwelinye icala, okwenziwa kumbane weshaft.
Ijenereyitha yoKhuselo oluNcedisayo
* Ukhuseleko oluncedisayo kwiijeneretha zongeza ukhuseleko oluphambili kunye nokugcinwa kwe-backup, ukujongana neemeko ezinje nge-voltage transformer circuit breaks, i-circuit-breaker failures, okanye i-flashovers ngexesha lokuqalisa, ukuvumelanisa, okanye ukuvala.
Ijenereyitha yokuKhusela iBackup
* Ukukhuselwa kwe-backup kwiijeneretha kuyasebenza xa ukhuseleko oluphambili lusilela okanye lungasebenzi, lubonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwempazamo. Ibandakanya ukhuseleko lwangoku oludibeneyo lwangoku, ukhuseleko lwe-impedance, kunye nesalathiso-ukhuseleko olugqithisiweyo oluqaliswe ngumbane odibeneyo.
Ukunyanzeliswa kweNdawo
* Ukunyanzeliswa kwentsimi ngumsebenzi apho umlawuli wombane ozenzekelayo wejenereyitha ufumanisa amandla ombane wegridi ngaphantsi komda omiselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ama-80% - 85% ombane olinganisiweyo) kwaye anyuse ngokukhawuleza i-excitation voltage kwixabiso layo eliphezulu. Ukuba iphunyezwe ngokuhanjiswa, ibizwa ngokuba yi-relay - initiated field forcing.
Ukuphela Kwentsimi
* Ukuphela kwebala kubhekiselele kuqhawulo olukhawulezayo lonikezelo lwamandla ovuselelo lwejenereyitha kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kogcino lwamandla omhlaba wemagnethi kumoya ovuselelayo. Kudingeka ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiimpazamo zangaphakathi zejeneretha okanye ukugqithisa ngexesha lokuqhawula.
I-Exciter Peak Voltage Multiple
* Incopho yamandla ombane ephindaphindwayo ye-exciter yejenereyitha ehambelanayo ngumlinganiselo wombane ophezulu we-DC enokubonelela ngesantya esilinganiselweyo kunye neemeko ezichaziweyo kumbane wayo olinganisiweyo wokuvuselela.
I-Excitation System Voltage Response Ratio
* Umlinganiselo wokusabela kwamandla ombane wenkqubo yovuselelo lizinga lokukhula kwamandla ombane ophuma kwijiko lokuphendula lombane wenkqubo yovuselelo eyahlulwe ngomlinganiselo olinganisiweyo wombane wovuselelo. Luphawu oluphambili lwenkqubo yovuselelo oluguquguqukayo.
Yahlula iTransformer
* Isiguquli esiqhekezayo sisiguquli samandla esinamagingxigingxi amaninzi esinomoya omnye ophezulu - ukujika kombane kunye namacala amabini okanye ngaphezulu aphantsi - amajiko ombane ombane afanayo kunye nomthamo wesigaba ngasinye. Ngokuyintloko ihambisa amandla phakathi kwe-high-and low-voltage windings phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kodwa imida emifutshane-imisinga yesekethe ngexesha leempazamo. I-low-voltage windings ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-split windings.
Uyedwa
* I-isolator sisixhobo sokutshintsha, kwindawo evulekileyo, inomgama ochaziweyo we-insulation kunye nekhefu elibonakalayo phakathi kwabafowunelwa bayo. Kwindawo evaliweyo, inokuthwala i-currents eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kunye ne-short - circuit currents. Iyakwazi ukutshintsha iisekethe kunye nemisinga emincinci okanye xa i-voltage phakathi kwee-terminals ze-isolator ingatshintshi kakhulu ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenza, ikhonza imisebenzi yokusebenza kunye neyodwa.
Hayi - Impompo yoVuso - Ukutshintsha isixhobo
* Itephu engasebenziyo - isixhobo sokutshintsha sisetyenziselwa ukutshintshela i-windings yempompo yolawulo lombane xa i-transformer icinyiwe. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-no-excitation tap changer. Esi sixhobo silula ngolwakhiwo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye sithembeke kakhulu kodwa sinoluhlu olulinganiselweyo lolawulo lwamandla ombane, lusenza ukuba silungele usetyenziso apho ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane kungafuneki rhoqo.
Vula - Layisha iTop - Ukutshintsha isixhobo
* Itephu elayishiweyo - isixhobo sokutshintsha sivumela ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane ngelixa i-transformer isasebenza. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-on-load tap changer, yenza uhlengahlengiso lwamandla ombane ngaphandle kokuphazamisa unikezelo lwamandla, ngaloo ndlela uzinzisa umbane wegridi kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye noqoqosho lonikezelo lwamandla.
Izixhobo eziphambili
* Izixhobo eziphambili zibhekisa kwizixhobo ezibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo ekwenziweni, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane, njengejenereyitha, ii-transformers, switchgear, kunye neentambo zombane.
ISekethe yaseprayimari
* Isekethe ephambili luqhagamshelo olungundoqo lombane oluqala kwijenereyitha, ludlula kwiziguquli kunye neentambo zothumelo, luphele kwisixhobo sombane.
Izixhobo zeSekondari
* Izixhobo zesibini zibandakanya izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso, ukulinganisa, ukulawula, ukukhusela, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo eziphambili, ezifana nezixhobo, iilayidi, iintambo zokulawula, kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa.
ISekethe yeSekondari
* Isekethe yesibini yisekethe yombane eyenziwe ngokudibanisa izixhobo zesibini ngokulandelelana okuthile.
Phantsi - Ukutshintshela iVoltage
* I-low-voltage switch sisixhobo sokutshintsha esisetyenziselwa ukwenza okanye ukwaphula iisekethe ezinombane ongaphantsi kwe-1000 V AC okanye i-DC.
Umnxibelelanisi
* I-contactor sisitshixo sombane esisezantsi esisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ukude okanye ukuqhawula iisekethe ezinemisinga yomthwalo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiisekethe ezifuna ukuqala rhoqo kunye nolawulo lweemoto.
Ukutshintsha koMoya okuzenzekelayo
* Isitshixo somoya esizenzekelayo, esikwabizwa ngokuba sisitshixo esizenzekelayo, sisitshixo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi esisezantsi. Inokuphazamisa zombini imisinga yomthwalo kunye nemisinga emifutshane yesekethe kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-low-voltage, i-high-power circuits njengesixhobo esiphambili sokulawula.
Ukupheliswa kweMagnetic Switch
* Ukuphela kokutshintsha kwemagneti yinto eyodwa ekhethekileyo - ipali ye-DC yokutshintsha okuzenzekelayo emoyeni esetyenziswa kwisekethe yokuvuselela iijenereyitha.
Ukwahlula Itshintshi
* Ukutshintsha okukodwa kukutshintshela kunye nekhefu elibonakalayo kwaye akukho sixhobo sokucima i-arc. Isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha iisekethe nge-voltage kodwa akukho mthwalo. Isenokusetyenziswa ukudibanisa okanye ukuqhawula imigca engalayishwanga, i-voltage transformers, kunye no-no - load transformers of limited capacity. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukwahlula amandla ombane ngexesha lokugcinwa kwezixhobo.
Ephakamileyo - i-Voltage Circuit Breaker
* I-high-voltage circuit breaker, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-high-voltage switch, inokuphazamisa okanye ivale i-no-load kunye nokulayisha imisinga yesekethe yombane ophezulu. Kwimeko yesiphoso senkqubo, inokuphazamisa imisinga emfutshane-yesekethe ngokusebenzisa isenzo sezixhobo zokukhusela i-relay. Ibonisa i-arc epheleleyo-isakhiwo sokucima kunye nokwaneleyo okwangoku - ukuphulwa kwamandla.
I-Arc - Ikhoyili yokuNxinzelela
* I-arc - i-coil yokunciphisa i-inductor eguquguqukayo kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi, exhunywe kwindawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer okanye i-generator. Ngexesha leempazamo zomhlaba wesigaba esinye, kunciphisa imisinga yempazamo yomhlaba kunye noncedo ekuphelisweni kwe-arc.
I-Reactor
• I-reactor yicoil ene-inductive enokuxhathisa okuphantsi kakhulu. Ukujika kwekhoyili ku-insulated ukusuka komnye nomnye, kwaye yonke i-coil insulated ukusuka emhlabeni. Iireactors ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho kwiisekethe ukukhawulela imisinga emifutshane.
I-Eddy yangoku Phenomenon
* Xa ikhoyili ibotshelelwa kumbindi wentsimbi, umbindi wentsimbi unokugqalwa njengezangqa ezininzi zentsimbi ezivalelekileyo ezijonge kwicala lemagnethi eguquguqukayo. Iringi nganye yentsimbi yenza iluphu yokuqhuba evaliweyo. Xa ukutshintshwa kwangoku kutyhutyha ikhoyili, ukuguquguquka kwemagnethi ngamakhonkco entsimbi kuyatshintsha rhoqo, kuphembelela amandla e-electromotive kunye nemisinga kwiringi yentsimbi nganye. Le misinga ibangelwayo zenza i-vortex - njengeepateni ezijikeleze i-axis engundoqo ye-iron, eyaziwa ngokuba yimisinga ye-eddy.
Eddy Ilahleko yangoku
* Ilahleko yangoku ye-Eddy ibhekiselele ekuphelisweni kwamandla ngendlela yobushushu ngenxa yemisinga ye-eddy kwi-iron core, efana nefuthe lokufudumeza langoku elihamba nge-resistor.
Phantsi - Inkqubo yangoku yokuGqithisa
• Inkqubo apho indawo engathathi hlangothi ingenziwanga phantsi okanye isekelwe nge-arc-coil yocinezelo.
Phezulu - Inkqubo yangoku yokuGqithisa
* Inkqubo apho indawo engathathi hlangothi isekelwe ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukusabela kweArmature
• Xa kungekho msinga wengalo, umoya-umsantsa ongundoqo wemagnethi uveliswa kuphela ngumsinga wovuselelo. Xa i-armature yangoku ikhona, i-air-gap main field magnetic yi-superposition yemagnethi eveliswa yi-excitation yangoku kunye ne-armature current. Impembelelo yezixhobo zangoku kumhlaba ongundoqo wemagnethi ibizwa ngokuba yi-armature reaction.
I-Motor Induction
* Ikwaziwa ngokuba yimoto eyi-asynchronous, isebenza ngokusekwe kwimigaqo yamandla e-electromotive enyanzelweyo kwii-conductor ezisika imigca yamandla kazibuthe kunye namandla asetyenziswayo akhoyo-athwele abaqhubi kumhlaba wemagnethi. Ekubeni isantya se-rotor sihlala singaphantsi kwesantya sokuvumelanisa ukugcina intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwendawo yamagnetic kunye nabaqhubi be-rotor, ibizwa ngokuba yi-motor induction.
Isantya esihambelanayo
* Xa imisinga ye-symmetrical yesigaba sesithathu ibonelelwa kwisigaba sesithathu se-symmetrical windings ye-motor induction, i-magnetic field ejikelezayo yenziwa kwi-gap yomoya. Isantya salo mmandla wemagnethi ujikelezayo siyahluka ngokwenani leepali zeemoto. Okukhona liphezulu inani leepali, kokukhona sicotha isantya. Esi santya kubhekiselwa kuso njengesantya esihambelanayo.
Slip
* Ukutyibilika kuchazwa njengomlinganiselo womahluko phakathi kwesantya se-synchronous (n1) kunye nesantya semoto (n) ukuya kwisantya esihambelanayo, esichazwa njengepesenti: S = (n1 - n)/n1 × 100%.
Star - Delta Ukuqala
* Indlela yokuqalisa apho i-motor stator windings idityaniswe kuqwalaselo lwenkwenkwezi ngexesha lokuqalisa kwaye itshintshelwe kubumbeko lwe-delta emva kokuqaliswa.
Umlinganiselo wokufunxa
* Umlinganiselo wemilinganiselo yokumelana nokulinganisa ukulinganisa imizuzwana engama-60 ukuya kwimizuzwana ye-15 emva kokufaka i-voltage ye-DC kwi-specimen yokukhusela.
Ukusebenza Grounding
* I-Grounding yenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zombane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neempazamo, ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwee-voltages eziphezulu ngenxa yeempazamo zezixhobo.
Ukhuseleko Lomhlaba
• Ukuthoba iindawo ezivalekileyo zentsimbi okanye iifreyimu zezixhobo zombane ukuthintela iingozi zokothuka kombane ezibangelwa kukusilela kokugquma.
Ukudibanisa okuKhuselekileyo
* Kwinkqubo yamandla enendawo engathathi hlangothi, edibanisa iintsimbi zetsimbi okanye izakhelo zezixhobo zombane kwi-conductor engathathi hlangothi. Lo ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu.
I-Arc yoMbane
* I-arc yombane yenziwe liqela elikhulu leentlantsi.
Ulandelelwano lweSigaba
* Ulandelelwano apho izigaba ze-sinusoidal quantity zidlula kwixabiso elifanayo. Nayiphi na isethi ye-asymmetrical ye-asymmetrical three- phase sinusoidal voltages okanye imisinga inokuboliswa ibe ziiseti ezintathu ze-symmetrical components: positive-sequence, negative-sequence, and zero-sequence.
Relay Pickup yangoku
* Ubuncinci bexabiso langoku elinokubangela ukuba i-relay isebenze.
Udluliselo lwangoku
* I-relay esebenza ngokusekwe kubungakanani bangoku ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili yayo.
I-Voltage Relay
* I-relay esebenza ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lombane osetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza
* I-relay enexesha lokusebenza elingaphantsi kwe-10 milliseconds.
Ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo
* Ukhuseleko olusebenza ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulibazisa ixesha xa umsinga ufikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo.
Ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo
* Ukhuseleko olusebenza ngokusekwe kutshintsho kumbane ngexesha leempazamo zezixhobo.
Zero - Ukhuseleko lolandelelwano
* Ukhuseleko oluphendula kuqanda - ulandelelwano lwemisinga kunye neevoltheji uphawu lweziphene zomhlaba kwiinkqubo zamandla.
ukuKhuselwa komgama
* Isixhobo sokukhusela esibonisa umgama ukusuka kwindawo yesiphoso ukuya kwindawo yokufakela ukhuseleko.
Ukuvala kwakhona okuzenzekelayo
* Isixhobo esiphinda sivale ngokuzenzekelayo i-breaker circuit emva kwesiphoso - uhambo olunyanzeliswayo ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla. Ukuvala kwakhona kunokuba yinqanaba elinye okanye kudityaniswe.
Ukuvala kwakhona okudityanisiweyo
* Umsebenzi ovalayo apho iziphene zesigaba esinye zibangela ukukhubeka kunye nokuvala isigaba esinye, kunye nesigaba esithathu sokukhubeka ukuba asiphumelelanga; Iimpazamo zesigaba ukuya kwisigaba zibangela ukukhubeka kwesigaba sesithathu ngokuvala, kwaye ukuvala okungaphumelelanga kukhokelela kwisigaba sesithathu sokukhubeka.
Ukuvala kwakhona ukuKhawuleza
* Emva kokuvala kwakhona kwisiphoso esisisigxina, isixhobo sokukhusela sisebenza kwakhona ngaphandle kokulibazisa ixesha lokuhamba i-breaker circuit kwaye ayizami ukuvala kwakhona.
Ukhuseleko
* Inkqubo yokukhusela eyanelisa ukuzinza kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lwezixhobo, ngokukhetha kunye nokususa ngokukhawuleza iimpazamo kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo kunye nomgca wonke.
Ukhuseleko Logcino
• Ukhuseleko olususa iziphene xa ukhuselo oluphambili lusilela ukusebenza okanye umaphuli wesekethe esala ukuhamba.
Amandla Factor
* Umlinganiselo wamandla asebenzayo (P) kumandla abonakalayo (S).
Ukutshintsha ukusebenza
* Imisebenzi yokutshintsha ibhekisa kuthotho lwemisebenzi eyenziwayo xa isixhobo sombane sitshintsha ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye okanye inkqubo yokusebenza yenkqubo itshintshiwe. Le misebenzi ibandakanya:
*Isiguquli siyanika amandla kwaye sinciphise amandla.
* Ukunika amandla kunye nokunciphisa amandla.
* Ukuqala kwejeneretha, ukuhambelana, kunye nokwahlulahlula.
* Ukuvalwa kunye nokuvulwa kwenethiwekhi.
* Utshintsho kubume yebhasi (imisebenzi yokudluliselwa kwebhasi).
* Utshintsho lwendlela yokumisa engathathi hlangothi kunye ne-arc - uhlengahlengiso lwekhoyili yokucinezela.
* Uhlengahlengiso kukhuseleko lokudluliselwa kunye noseto oluzenzekelayo lwesixhobo.
* Ukufakwa kunye nokususwa kweengcingo ezisezantsi.
Hayi - Ilahleko yomthwalo
* Hayi - ilahleko yomthwalo ngamandla asetyenziswa yi-transformer xa i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-sinusoidal isetyenziswa kwenye yee-winding zayo (kwindawo yempompo elinganisiweyo) ngelixa ezinye ii-winding zivuliwe - zijikelezwe. Ngokuyintloko ibala ilahleko engundoqo (i-eddy yangoku kunye nelahleko ye-hysteresis).
Hayi - Layisha yangoku
* Hayi - umthwalo wangoku ngumbane wemagnethi omisela eyona flux ngexesha le-transformer no - load operation. I-rerated no-load current yi-avareji ye-avareji yezigaba ezithathu ezitsalwa yi-transformer xa i-rerated frequency voltage sinusoidal voltage isetyenziswa kwi-winging enye (kwindawo yempompo elinganisiweyo) kunye nezinye ii-windings ezivulekileyo - ezijikeleziweyo, ezichazwe njengepesenti yombane ohleliweyo.
Mfutshane - Ilahleko yeSekethe
* Ilahleko emfutshane-yesekethe ngamandla asetyenziswa sisiguquli xa umsinga olinganisiweyo uqukuqela kwelinye lamajiko-jiko ayo ngelixa elinye ijiko lifutshane- lijikelezwe. Imele ilahleko yobhedu (ilahleko ye-I²R) kumajiko e-transformer kwindawo elinganiselwe yempompo kunye nobushushu obuyi-70°C.
Mfutshane - IVoltage yeSekethe
* Ivoltheji yombane omfutshane-yesekethe ireyithwe ngamaza ombane adityaniswe kwi-winding enye ukuvelisa umsinga orethiweyo komnye ujikelezo olufutshane olujikelezayo (kwindawo yetephu elinganiselweyo), ebonakaliswa njengepesenti yombane olinganisiweyo. Ibonakalisa i-impedance ye-transformer (ukumelana kunye nokuvuza kwe-reactance) iiparamitha kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-impedance voltage (kwi-70 ° C).