I-10 yeNkqubo ye-PLC yeFault yeMbangela kunye nezisombululo
I-10 yeNkqubo ye-PLC yeFault yeMbangela kunye nezisombululo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-PLCs ziye zaba yimfuneko kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwazo kusanda, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo ezinzileyo kuye kwabaluleka. Ngelixa ii-PLC ngokwazo zithembeke kakhulu, ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwimiba. Nazi i-10 izizathu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo:
1. Imiba yokuGrounding
Iinkqubo ze-PLC zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokubeka phantsi. Inkqubo yokumisa ezimeleyo, ezinikeleyo iyacetyiswa, kwaye zonke izixhobo ezinxulumeneyo kufuneka zisekelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukumiswa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela imisinga engalindelekanga, ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zengqiqo okanye umonakalo wesiphaluka. Amanqaku asisiseko kufuneka asondelelene. Iinkqubo ze-PLC zihlala zisebenzisa indawo enye. Ukomelezwa kokuchasana okuqhelekileyo - amandla ongenelelo lwemo, imiqondiso ye-analog inokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yomhlaba edadayo ekhuselekileyo.
2. Ukujongana noPhando
Iziza zemizi-mveliso ziqhelene nophazamiseko oluphezulu nolusezantsi, oluhlala luziswa ngeentambo eziqhagamshelwe kwizixhobo zesiza. Ukongeza kwisiseko esifanelekileyo, la manyathelo alandelayo achasene nokuphazamiseka kufuneka athathwe kuyilo lwentambo, ukukhetha kunye nokufakwa:
Kwiimpawu ze-analog, sebenzisa iintambo eziphindwe kabini.
Ukufumana iimpawu zesantya esiphezulu, sebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselekileyo.
Kwiintambo zonxibelelwano ze-PLC, sebenzisa iintambo zomenzi-ezibonelelweyo okanye ezikhuselweyo ezijijekileyo - iintambo ezimbini.
Musa ukuhambisa iilayini zesiginali ye-analog, iilayini zesiginali ye-DC, kunye nemigca yesignali ye-AC kumbhobho omnye.
Iintambo ezikhuselekileyo ezifakwe okanye ezisuka kwiikhabhinethi zolawulo kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo ngaphandle kokudlula kwii-terminals.
Iimpawu ze-AC, izibonakaliso ze-DC, kunye neempawu ze-analog akufanele zabelane ngentambo efanayo. Iintambo zamandla kunye neentambo zomqondiso kufuneka zihanjiswe ngokwahlukeneyo.
Iingcebiso zokulungiswa kwendawo ukujongana nokuphazamiseka kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselweyo zemigca echaphazelekayo kunye nokuzifakela kwakhona, kunye nokongeza ikhowudi yokucoca i-anti interference kwinkqubo.
3. Ukuphelisa i-Inter-Fire Capacitance ukuThintela ukuSebenza kakubi
Iikheyibhuli zinesakhono sendalo phakathi kwee-conductors. Nokuba iintambo eziqeqeshiweyo zinokuba ne-capacitance egqithisileyo ukuba ubude bazo budlula imida ecetyiswayo. Xa isetyenziselwa amagalelo e-PLC, oku kunokubangela ukunganyaniseki, okufana neempawu zongeniso ezingachanekanga okanye ezingekhoyo. Izisombululo ziquka:
Ukusebenzisa iintambo ezineentsimbi ezijijekileyo.
Ukunciphisa ubude bekhebula.
Ukwahlula amagalelo aphazamisayo kwiintambo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusebenzisa iintambo ezikhuselekileyo.
4. Ukukhetha iiModyuli zokuPhuma
Iimodyuli zemveliso ziza kwiindidi ezintathu: i-transistor, i-triac, kunye ne-relay:
Iimodyuli zohlobo lweTransistor zinika isantya sokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.2 ms) kodwa inomthwalo ophantsi kakhulu (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Zifanelekile ngokukhawuleza - izixhobo zokutshintsha kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nomqondiso, ezifana ne-inverters kunye nezixhobo ze-DC. Qwalasela iziphumo zangoku zokuvuza kwe-transistor kwimithwalo.
Iimodyuli zohlobo lwe-Triac zinxibelelana - ngaphantsi kwaye zilungele imithwalo ye-AC kodwa zinomthamo olinganiselweyo womthwalo.
I-Relay - uhlobo lweemodyuli zixhasa imithwalo ye-AC kunye ne-DC kwaye inomthamo ophezulu womthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kulawulo oluqhelekileyo kodwa zinesantya esicothayo sokutshintsha (malunga ne-10 ms), sibenza bangafaneleki usetyenziso lwefrikhwensi ephezulu.
5. Ukuphatha i-Inverter Over - Voltage nangaphezulu - yangoku
Xa unciphisa ixabiso elinikeziweyo ukucotha i-motor, ingena kwi-braking state yokuvuselela. I-motor inika amandla ukubuyisela kwi-inverter, ibangela ukuba i-voltage ye-capacitor yokucoca inyuke kwaye ibangele ukukhuselwa kwamandla ombane. Isisombululo: Faka i-resistor yokunyathela yangaphandle ukuze uchithe amandla okuvuselela.
Xa iimoto ezincinci ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kwi-inverter, impazamo kwimoto enye inokubangela ukuba inverter ihambe, imise zonke iimotor. Isisombululo: Faka i-1: 1 i-transformer yodwa kwicala lemveliso ye-inverter ukwahlula imisinga ephosakeleyo kwi-inverter.
6. Ukuleyibhile iiNgeniso kunye neZiphumo zoLondolozo oluLula
Iisistim ze-PLC zinokuntsonkotha, zineetheminali ezininzi zegalelo kunye nemveliso yerelay. Ukuququzelela ukulungisa ingxaki:
Yenza itafile esekelwe kwisicwangciso sombane kwaye uyibeke kwipaneli yokulawula okanye kwikhabhinethi. Dwelisa igalelo ngalinye le-PLC kunye nenombolo ye-terminal ephumayo kunye neesimboli zombane ezihambelanayo kunye namagama aseTshayina.
Phuhlisa igalelo le-PLC-itheyibhile yokusebenza kwengqondo yemveliso ukubonisa ubudlelwane obunengqiqo phakathi kwegalelo kunye neesekethe zemveliso ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngezi theyibhile, ombane abanamava banokwenza ulondolozo ngaphandle kweeplani.
7. Ukuxilongwa kweFault Ukusebenzisa iNgcaciso yeNkqubo
Ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-PLC ezisetyenziswayo, imizobo yeleli yee-PLC eziphezulu ezifana ne-S7 - 300 zihlala zibhalwa ngekhowudi yemnemonic. Imizobo yeleli esebenzayo kufuneka ibandakanye inkcazo yesimboli saseTshayina. Ukuhlalutya ukusilela kombane, indlela yokujonga umva isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Qala ukusuka kwindawo yempazamo, chonga i-PLC ehambelanayo yokukhupha i-relay, kwaye ulandele umva ubudlelwane obunengqiqo obufunekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Amava abonisa ukuba iimpazamo ezininzi zisuka kwindawo enye.
8. Ukugweba i-PLC Self - Iimpazamo
Ii-PLC zithembeke kakhulu ngesantya esisezantsi sokungaphumeleli. Umonakalo we-Hardware okanye iimpazamo zesoftware kwii-PLC kunye nee-CPU zinqabile. Amanqaku okufakwa kwe-PLC akunakwenzeka ukuba angaphumeleli ngaphandle kokuba axhomekeke ekungeneni kombane ophezulu. Abafowunelwa bokuhanjiswa kwemveliso ye-PLC banobomi obude ngaphandle kokuba balayishwe kakhulu ngenxa yeesekethe ezimfutshane zangaphandle okanye uyilo olubi. Xa ulungisa ingxaki, gxila kwizinto zombane ezisecaleni kunokukrokrela ihardware yePLC okanye imiba yesoftware. Le ndlela ikhawulezisa ukulungiswa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa imveliso.
9. Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweSoftware kunye nezixhobo zeHardware
Imiyalelo engabandakanyekanga kwiiluphu zolawulo okanye yenziwe yasebenza phambi kokuba iluphu inokukhutshwa kwiPLC.
Kwimiyalelo emininzi elawula umsebenzi omnye, zidibanise ngokungqameneyo ngaphandle phambi kokuba zidibanise kwindawo enye yongeniso.
Sebenzisa amacandelo angaphakathi athambileyo ePLC kunye namazwe aphakathi ukwandisa ukuqhubeka kwenkqubo kunye nophuhliso lula. Oku kunciphisa iindleko ze-hardware.
Apho kunokwenzeka, yila imveliso nganye ngokuzimeleyo ukuze kube lula ukulawula, ukuhlola nokukhusela ezinye iisekethe.
Kwiziphumo zokulawula imithwalo yangaphambili kunye nokubuyisela umva, sebenzisa ukudibanisa kokubili kwiprogram ye-PLC nangaphandle ukukhusela ukunyakaza komthwalo we-bidirectional.
Kwizitophu zikaxakeka, sebenzisa iswitshi yangaphandle ukusika amandla ukuze ukhuseleke.
10. Ezinye izilumkiso
Ungaze uqhagamshele iintambo zombane ze-AC kwiitheminali zokufaka i-PLC ukunqanda umonakalo.
Ii-terminals ze-Grounding kufuneka zisekelwe ngokuzimeleyo, zingaxhunywanga kwichungechunge kunye nezinye izixhobo. Sebenzisa ucingo olusezantsi olunommandla onqamlezileyo ubuncinane obuyi-2 mm².
Ubonelelo lwamandla oluncedisayo lunomthamo olinganiselweyo kwaye kufuneka lunike amandla asezantsi kuphela izixhobo zombane ezifana nezinzwa zombane.
Musa ukuqhagamshela iingcingo kwiitheminali zeedilesi ze-PLC ezingasetyenziswanga.
Ukuba akukho zixhobo zokukhusela ezifakwe kwi-PLC yesiphaluka semveliso, zibandakanya iifuse okanye ezinye izinto ezikhuselayo kwisiphaluka sangaphandle ukukhusela umthwalo omfutshane - iisekethe ezonakalisa inkqubo.