Wakaneta nekurasika mukusarudzwa kwePLC? Tevedzera aya 8 misimboti inoshanda kuita sarudzo yakanaka!
Wakaneta nekurasika mukusarudzwa kwePLC? Tevedzera aya 8 misimboti inoshanda kuita sarudzo yakanaka!
Wakaneta nekurasika mukusarudzwa kwePLC? Tevedzera aya 8 misimboti inoshanda kuita sarudzo yakanaka!
Usati wasarudza PLC, danho rekutanga kutsanangura zvinodiwa nehurongwa. Kana izvi zvanyatsojeka, unogona kusarudza mugadziri uye modhi. Asi unoita sei zvisarudzo izvi? Ichi chinyorwa chinopa gwara rakadzama rekukubatsira iwe kusarudza iyo PLC inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako, inovhara vanogadzira, modhi, I/O mapoinzi, uye kutonga mabasa.
1. PLC Manufacturers
Kana uchitarisa mugadziri wePLC, zvinhu zvakakosha sezvinodiwa nemushandisi, kujairana kwemugadziri nemhando dzakasiyana, kuenderana kwezvinhu zvinotsigira zvigadzirwa, uye tekinoroji sevhisi rutsigiro zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa kubva kumakambani makuru epasi rese zvakavimbika. Kune zvidiki, zvishandiso zvakazvimirira kana masisitimu akareruka ekudzora, maJapan PLC anowanzo kupa kukosha kuri nani. Kune mahombe-akawanda masisitimu ane yakakwirira network uye kutaurirana zvinodiwa, maindasitiri PLC kubva kuEurope neUS anowanzo kuve anobatsira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwavo kutaurirana kwepamusoro.
Kune maindasitiri akasarudzika senge simbi kana fodya, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza PLC masisitimu ane mashandiro akasimbiswa uye rekodhi yakavimbika muzvikamu izvozvo.
2. Input / Output (I / O) Points
Huwandu hwemapoinzi eI/O ndiyo yakakosha parameter yePLC. Kuti uone mapoinzi eI/O anodiwa, verenga huwandu hwese hwemapoinzi eI/O anodiwa pamidziyo yako yekudzora. Kazhinji, iwe unofanirwa kusanganisira 10% kusvika 20% margin ye scalability. Kana uchiraira, zvigadziriso zvinofanirwawo kuitwa zvichibva pane yemugadziri wePLC chigadzirwa maitiro.
3. Storage Capacity
Iyo yekuchengetedza simba yePLC inoreva matura ekuchengetedza mayuniti ayo anopa. Kugona kwechirongwa, chengetedzo inonyanyo shandiswa kumashandisirwo emushandisi, idiki pane yakazara kuchengetedza. Sezvo huwandu hwechirongwa husingazivikanwe panguva yekugadzira dhizaini (mushandisi chirongwa chisati chanyorwa), inofungidzirwa zvichibva pane yekuchengetedza simba. Yakajairika fungidziro fomula ndeiyi: (nhamba yedhijitari I/O mapoinzi × 10–15) + (nhamba yeanalogi I/O mapoinzi × 100) = mazwi akazara (16 bits pashoko), pamwe nekuwedzera 25% margin.
4. Kudzora Mabasa
Paunenge uchisarudza PLC, funga anotevera akakosha maitiro: computational mabasa, kutonga mabasa, kugona kutaurirana, zvirongwa zvehurongwa, maturusi ekuongorora, uye kumhanya kwekugadzirisa.
Computational Mabasa
Basic PLCs kazhinji inotsigira zvine musoro mashandiro, nguva, uye kuverenga. Mid-range PLCs inosanganisirawo kuchinja kwedata uye kuenzanisa kushanda. Yepamberi computational mabasa senge algebraic mashandiro uye kufambisa data zvakajairika mumaPLC makuru. Yepamusoro-yekupedzisira PLCs inototsigira PID mashandiro eanalog control uye mamwe maverengero epamberi. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa, mamiriro mazhinji anongoda pfungwa uye nguva / kuverenga mashandiro, nepo kuendesa data uye kuenzanisa kungadikanwa mune vamwe.
Kudzora Mabasa
Kudzora mabasa anosanganisira PID control, feedforward compensation, ratio control, etc. PLCs anonyanya kushandiswa sequential logic control. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, single kana akawanda-loop controllers anobata analog control mabasa. Kune dzakaoma kudzora mabasa, akangwara ekuisa / kubuda modules (semuenzaniso, PID zvikamu kana yakakwirira-kumhanya macounter) anogona kuwedzera kukurumidza kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza ndangariro.
Kukurukurirana Mabasa
Mid-to-hombe PLC masisitimu anofanirwa kutsigira akawanda mabhazi emumunda uye akajairwa kutaurirana maprotocol (semuenzaniso, TCP/IP) uye anofanirwa kuve achikwanisa kubatanidza kune fekitori manejimendi maneti pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Nhaurirano dzekukurukurirana dzinofanira kusanganisira serial/parallel ports, industrial Ethernet, etc. Nokuda kwekuregererwa uye kuvimbika, mabhazi ekukurukurirana anofanira kuenderana nemitemo yenyika uye kusangana nezvinodiwa kure.
Programming Mabasa
PLC purogiramumming inogona kuitwa kunze kwenyika (yakagovaniswa CPU pakati pePLC uye programmer) kana online (yakaparadzana maCPU ePLC uye programmer). Iyo mitauro mishanu yakamisikidzwa yehurongwa inoti Sequential Function Chart (SFC), Ladder Diagram (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD), Instruction Rondedzero (IL), uye Structured Text (ST). Sezvineiwo, iyo PLC inofanirawo kutsigira mimwe mitauro seC kana Basic kune nyanzvi dzekushandisa.
Diagnostic Mabasa
PLC diagnostics inovhara zvese hardware uye software. Hardware diagnostics inoona zvikanganiso kuburikidza neane musoro cheki, nepo software diagnostics inosanganisira yemukati (inoenderana nekuita) uye yekunze (inoenderana-inoenderana) cheki. Kusimba kwekuongorora kwakasimba kunoderedza nguva yekuchengetedza uye tekinoroji zvinodiwa kune vanoshanda.
Processing Speed
PLC yekugadzirisa kumhanya inokanganisa chaiyo-nguva kuita. Kana nguva yechiratidzo ipfupi pane iyo PLC's scan cycle, chiratidzo chinogona kupotsa. Kumhanyisa kumhanya kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehurefu hwechirongwa uye kugona kweCPU. Mazuva ano PLCs anobata mabhinari mirairo mu 0.2-0.4 mamicroseconds, achisangana nepamusoro-kumhanya kudzora zvinodiwa. Nguva dzekutenderera dzinofanira kunge dziri ≤0.5ms/K kumaPLC madiki uye ≤0.2ms/K kumasisitimu makuru.
5. PLC Mhando
PLCs dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvakabatanidzwa uye modular mhando. Akabatanidzwa PLC ane mashoma uye akagadziriswa mapoinzi eI/O, achiita kuti ave akakodzera madiki ekudzora masisitimu (semuenzaniso, Nokia S7-200, Mitsubishi FX akatevedzana). Modular PLCs inopa inochinjika I/O zvigadziriso kuburikidza neanochinjika mamodule uye akanakira masisitimu akakura (semuenzaniso, Nokia S7-300/S7-400, Mitsubishi Q akatevedzana).
6. Module Selection
Digital I/O Modules
Digital I/O modules inosiyana mune zvakatemwa (semuenzaniso, relay zvinobuda, transistor zvinobuda) uye I/O mapoinzi (8, 16, 32 mapoinzi). Relay zvinobuda zvinodhura asi zvine hupenyu hupfupi, nepo thyristor zvinobuda zvinokurumidza asi zvinodhura. Sarudzo inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Analog I/O Modules
Analog yekupinda mamodules inobata masaini se4-20mA yazvino kana 0-10V voltage. Analog inobuda modules zvakafanana inopa ikozvino kana voltage masaini. Mamodules anosiyana muhuwandu hwechiteshi (2, 4, 8 chiteshi) uye anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo.
Basa Modules
Basa remamodules rinosanganisira kutaurirana, chinzvimbo, pulse kubuda, yakakwirira-kumhanya kuverenga, PID control, uye tembiricha yekudzora module. Paunenge uchisarudza, funga zvese zviri zviviri hardware uye software kuenderana.
7. Redundancy Mabasa
Nezve maapplication akakosha, redundancy inogona kuisirwa kudzora zvikamu (semuenzaniso, 1B1 redundancy yeCPU uye magetsi ekupa) uye I / O interfaces. Redundant zvigadziriso zvinowedzera kuvimbika kwehurongwa.
8. General Mitemo
Kana iyo PLC mhando uye zvakatemwa zvatsanangurwa zvakanyanya, tarisa iwo ekutanga maratidziro uye maparamita echinhu chimwe nechimwe zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekutonga. Pakusarudza mamodule, koshesa:
- Kubudirira kwehupfumi: Kuenzanisa mutengo-kuita zviyero, kuwedzera, uye kushanda nyore.
- Kureruka kwekushandisa: Rerutsa dhizaini uye kuderedza ekunze kutonga zvinhu.
- Standardization: Shandisa mayunifomu mamodule kurerutsa kutenga uye kugadzirisa.
- Kugarisana: Ita shuwa kuti ese maficha anoenderana, zvakanaka kubva kumugadziri mumwe chete.