PLC Ruzivo Round-Up: Yakakosha Kuverenga kune Magetsi Injiniya!
PLC Ruzivo Round-Up: Yakakosha Kuverenga kune Magetsi Injiniya!
I. Tsanangudzo uye Kurongwa kwePLCs
PLC, kana Programmable Logic Controller, chizvarwa chitsva chepasi rose maindasitiri ekudzora michina. Yakavakirwa pamamicroprocessors uye inobatanidza tekinoroji yekombuta, otomatiki kutonga tekinoroji, uye tekinoroji yekutaurirana. Yakagadzirirwa nharaunda dzemaindasitiri, maPLC anoratidza-nyore-kunzwisisa hurongwa uchishandisa "mutauro wechisikigo" wakanangana nekutonga maitiro uye vashandisi. Izvo zvinoratidzwa nekureruka, nyore kushanda, uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya.
Yakagadzirwa kubva kune relay sequential control, maPLC akatarisana nemamicroprocessors uye anoshanda seanosiyana otomatiki ekudzora zvishandiso. Ngationgororei mune zvakatemwa:
1. Tsanangudzo
A PLC idhijitari yemagetsi sisitimu yakagadzirirwa maindasitiri ekushandisa. Inoshandisa ndangariro inogoneka kuchengetedza mirairo yekushanda senge zvine musoro computation, sequential control, nguva, kuverenga, uye arithmetic. Nekupindirana nedhijitari uye analog yekupinda uye zvinobuda, PLCs inodzora akasiyana mishini michina uye maitiro ekugadzira. Ose maPLCs nemidziyo yavo yekutenderera akagadzirirwa kubatanidza zvisina musono nemaindasitiri ekudzora masisitimu uye kufambisa basa rekuwedzera.
2. Kuronga
Zvigadzirwa zvePLC zvinouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzine zvirevo zvakasiyana uye kugona kuita. Iwo akakamurwa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nechimiro chechimiro, misiyano inoshanda, uye nhamba yeI/O mapoinzi.
2.1 Kurongeka neFomu yeChimiro
PLCs dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakabatanidzwa uye modular mhando zvichienderana nechimiro chavo chechimiro.
(1) Integral PLC
Integral PLCs imba zvinhu zvakaita semagetsi, CPU, uye I / O inopindirana mukati mekabati imwe chete. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekwavo compact chimiro, diki saizi, uye kugona. Madiki-saizi PLCs anowanzo tora iyi yakakosha chimiro. Iyo yakakosha PLC ine yakakosha unit (inozivikanwawo seyo huru unit) ine akasiyana maI/O mapoinzi uye yekuwedzera unit. Iyo yakakosha unit ine iyo CPU, I/O inopindirana, chiteshi chekuwedzera chekubatanidza kune I/O mayuniti ekuwedzera, uye nzvimbo dzekubatanidza kune programmer kana EPROM munyori. Iyo yekuwedzera unit, kune rumwe rutivi, ine chete I / O uye magetsi ekupa zvinhu, isina CPU. Iyo yakakosha unit uye yekuwedzera unit inowanzo batanidzwa kuburikidza neflat tambo. Integral PLCs inogona zvakare kuve yakashongedzerwa neakakosha mayuniti ebasa, senge analog mauniti uye chinzvimbo chekudzora zvikamu, kuwedzera kugona kwavo.
(2) Modular PLC
Modular PLCs ine mamodule akaparadzana echikamu chimwe nechimwe, senge CPU modules, I/O modules, magetsi ekupa mamodules (dzimwe nguva akabatanidzwa mukati meCPU module), uye akasiyana emabasa module. Aya ma module akaiswa pane chimiro kana backplane. Mukana we modular PLCs uri mukugadziriswa kwavo kunoshanduka, zvichibvumira kusarudzwa kweakasiyana masisitimu zviyero sezvinodiwa. Izvo zvakare zviri nyore kuunganidza, kuwedzera, uye kuchengetedza. Epakati uye yakakura-saizi PLCs kazhinji anotora modular chimiro.
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maPLC anosanganisa hunhu hweese akakosha uye modular marudzi, achigadzira inozivikanwa seyakaturikidzana PLC. MumaPLC akaturikidzana, zvinhu zvakaita seCPU, magetsi, uye I/O interfaces akazvimirira mamodule akabatana nematambo uye anogona kurongedzerwa dhizaini. Iyi dhizaini haingopi inochinjika sisitimu kumisikidzwa asi zvakare inobvumira kune compact size.
2.2 Kurongwa neBasa
Zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuita, maPLC anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: yakaderera-magumo, yepakati-renji, uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira.
(1) Low-end PLC
Low-end PLCs ane mabasa akakosha akadai sekuita zvine musoro, nguva, kuverenga, kuchinja, kuzviongorora, uye kuongorora. Vanogonawo kusanganisira huwandu hushoma hweanalog yekupinda / kubuda, arithmetic mashandiro, kuendesa data uye kuenzanisa, uye kutaurirana mabasa. Aya maPLC anonyanya kushandiswa kune imwechete-muchina kudzora masisitimu anosanganisira zvine musoro kutonga, sequential control, kana diki diki rekutonga analog.
(2) Mid-range PLC
Pamusoro pemabasa epasi-ekupedzisira PLCs, yepakati-renji PLCs inopa masimba akasimba mune analog input/output, arithmetic operations, data transfer and comparison, number system conversion, kure I/O, subroutines, and communication networking. Zvimwe zvinogonawo kuratidza kukanganisa kutonga uye PID kutonga mabasa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaoma kudzora masisitimu.
(3) High-end PLC
High-end PLCs, mukuwedzera kune kugona kwepakati-renji PLCs, inosanganisira mabasa epamberi senge akasainwa arithmetic mashandiro, matrix computations, bit logic mashandiro, square root calculations, uye mamwe akakosha basa mashandiro. Ivo zvakare vanoratidza kugadzira tafura uye kugona kutamisa tafura. Yepamusoro-yekupedzisira PLCs inozvirumbidza yakawedzera kutaurirana uye mashandiro etiweki, achigonesa hukuru-hukuru hurongwa hwekutonga kana kuumbwa kweakagoverwa network control system, nekudaro kuwana fekitori otomatiki.
2.3 Kurongwa neI/O Points
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemapoinzi eI/O, maPLC anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvidiki, zvepakati, uye zvakakura.
(1) Diki PLC
Madiki PLC ane mashoma pane 256 I/O mapoinzi, ane imwechete CPU, uye anoshandisa 8-bit kana 16-bit processors. Yavo mushandisi yekurangarira huwandu hunowanzo pazasi 4KB.
(2) Pakati PLC
Epakati PLCs ane pakati pe256 ne2048 I/O mapoinzi, anoshandisa maCPU maviri, uye ane mushandisi ndangariro kugona kubva pa2KB kusvika 8KB.
(3) Hombe PLC
Mahombe PLC anozvikudza pamusoro pe2048 I/O mapoinzi, anoshandisa akawanda maCPU, uye ane 16-bit kana 32-bit processors. Yavo mushandisi yekurangarira huwandu kubva pa8KB kusvika 16KB.
Pasi rese, zvigadzirwa zvePLC zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvedunhu: American, European, uye Japan. MaAmerican neEuropean PLC matekinoroji akagadzirwa akazvimirira, zvichikonzera mutsauko wakasiyana pakati pezvigadzirwa zvavo. Tekinoroji yeJapan PLC, yakaunzwa kubva kuUnited States, inogara nhaka yehumwe hunhu kubva kuAmerican PLC asi inotarisa kune madiki-saizi maPLC. Nepo maAmerican neEuropean PLCs achizivikanwa nekuda kwezvipo zvawo zvepakati uye zvakakura, maJapan PLC ane mukurumbira kune mamwe madiki madiki.
II. Mabasa uye Mashandisirwo Minda yePLCs
PLCs inosanganisa zvakanakira relay-contactor control uye kuchinjika kwemakomputa. Iyi yakasarudzika dhizaini赋予了PLCs akawanda asingaenzaniswi maficha achienzaniswa nemamwe ma controller.
1. Mabasa ePLCs
Sechishandiso chepasirese maindasitiri otomatiki chekudzora chakatarisana nemamicroprocessors uye kubatanidza tekinoroji yekombuta, otomatiki kudzora tekinoroji, uye tekinoroji yekutaurirana, maPLC anopa akawanda mabhenefiti. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvimbika kwepamusoro, compact size, kushanda kwakasimba, nyore uye kuchinjika chirongwa dhizaini, kuita zvakasiyana, uye nyore kugadzirisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maPLC anowana mashandisirwo akawandisa muminda yakaita sesimbi, simba, makemikari, zvekufambisa, uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, zvichibuda seimwe yembiru nhatu dzemazuva ano kutonga kwemaindasitiri (pamwe nemarobhoti neCAD/CAM). Zvichienderana nehunhu hwePLCs, mafomu avo anoshanda anogona kupfupikiswa seizvi:
(1) Kuchinja Logic Control
MaPLC ane akasimba anonzwisisika komputa kugona, achivagonesa kuwana akasiyana akapusa uye akaoma kunzwisisa anonzwisisika kudzora. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya domain yePLCs, ichitsiva yechinyakare relay-contactor control.
(2) Analogi Kudzora
PLCs ine A/D uye D/A shanduko module. Iyo A/D module inoshandura huwandu hweanalog kubva kumunda-senge tembiricha, kudzvanywa, kuyerera, uye kumhanya-kuita huwandu hwedhijitari. Aya madhijitari huwandu hunozogadziriswa neiyo microprocessor mukati mePLC (sezvo microprocessors inogona kungobata huwandu hwedhijitari) uye yozoshandiswa kutonga. Neimwe nzira, iyo D/A module inoshandura huwandu hwedhijitari kudzokera muhuwandu hweanalog kudzora chinhu chinodzorwa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti maPLC aite kutonga pamusoro pehuwandu hweanalog.
(3) Kudzora Maitiro
Mazuva ano epakati uye akakura-hukuru PLCs anowanzo ratidza PID control modules, inogonesa yakavharwa-loop process control. Kana shanduko ikatsauka panguva yekudzora maitiro, iyo PLC inoverenga iyo chaiyo yakabuda ichishandisa PID algorithm, nekudaro ichigadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira uye kuchengetedza iyo inochinja pane setpoint. Parizvino, mazhinji madiki-saizi PLCs anosanganisirawo PID kutonga mashandiro.
(4) Nguva uye Kuverenga Kudzora
PLCs inozvirumbidza yakasimba nguva uye kugona kuverenga, inokwanisa kupa gumi nemaviri, mazana, kana kunyange zviuru zvenguva uye macounter. Nguva yenguva uye maitiro ekuverenga anogona kuiswa zvisina tsarukano nemushandisi paanenge achinyora chirongwa chemushandisi, kana nevashandisi vari pasaiti kuburikidza nemugadziri. Izvi zvinogonesa nguva uye kuverenga kutonga. Kana vashandisi vachida kuverenga ma-high-frequency signals, vanogona kusarudza ma-modules ekuverenga akawanda.
(5) Sequential Control
Mukutonga kwemaindasitiri, sequential control inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nePLC nhanho mirairo kana shanduko yerejista hurongwa.
(6) Data Processing
MaPLC emazuva ano haangogone kuita arithmetic mashandiro, kuendesa data, kuronga, uye kutarisa tafura asi anogona zvakare kuita kuenzanisa kwedata, kushandura data, kutaurirana kwedata, kuratidza data, uye kudhinda. Ivo vane simba rakasimba rekugadzirisa data.
(7) Kukurukurirana uye Networking
Mazhinji emazuva ano maPLC anosanganisira kutaurirana uye network matekinoroji, ane RS-232 kana RS-485 mainterface ekure kure I/O control. Multiple PLCs anogona kunetiweki uye kutaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe. Signal processing units yemidziyo yekunze inogona kuchinjana zvirongwa uye data neamwe kana anopfuura anorongwa controller. Kufambiswa kwechirongwa, kufambisa faira redatha, kutarisa, uye kuongororwa kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana nzvimbo kana kutaurirana processors, iyo inoshandisa yakajairwa hardware interfaces kana proprietary communication protocol kufambisa chirongwa uye kuendesa data.
2. Minda Yekushandisa yePLCs
Parizvino, maPLC anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika uye kunze kwenyika mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira simbi nesimbi, peturu, makemikari, simba, zvekuvakisa, kugadzira michina, mota, machira akareruka, zvekufambisa, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye varaidzo yetsika. Zvikumbiro zvavo zvinogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya sezvinotevera:
(1) Kuchinja Logic Control
Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya domain yePLCs, ichitsiva echinyakare relay maseketi kuti awane zvine musoro uye kutevedzana kutonga. PLCs inogona kushandiswa pakutonga-muchina mumwe chete pamwe neakawanda-muchina boka kutonga uye otomatiki mitsara yekugadzira, senge majekiseni ekuumba majekiseni, michina yekudhinda, michina yekumisikidza, musanganiswa muchina maturusi, muchina wekukuya, kurongedza mitsara yekugadzira, uye electroplating mitsetse yegungano.
(2) Analogi Kudzora
Mukugadzira maindasitiri maitiro, akawanda anoramba achisiyana-akadai setembiricha, kudzvanywa, kuyerera, nhanho yemvura, uye kumhanya - huwandu hweanalog. Kugonesa maPLC kubata huwandu hweanalog, A/D uye D/A shanduko pakati peanalogi uye huwandu hwedhijitari hunofanirwa kuitika. Vagadziri vePLC vanogadzira anoperekedza A/D uye D/A shanduko mamodule kufambisa analog control application yePLCs.
(3) Kudzora Kwekufamba
PLCinogona kushandiswa kutenderera kana mutsara wekufamba kudzora. Panyaya yekudzora sisitimu yekumisikidza, ekutanga maapplication akabatana zvakananga chinzvimbo sensors uye actuators kushandura I / O modules. Mazuva ano, akasarudzika ekufambisa ekudzora mamodule anowanzo shandiswa. Aya ma module anogona kutyaira single-axis kana akawanda-axis chinzvimbo chekutonga kune anotsika mota kana servo motors. Zvinenge zvese zvakakura zvevagadziri vePLC zvigadzirwa zvepasirese zvinoratidzira masimba ekudzora, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakina akasiyana, maturusi emuchina, marobhoti, elevator, uye mamwe maapplication.
(4) Kudzora Maitiro
Kudzora kwemaitiro kunoreva kuvharwa-loop kudzora kwehuwandu hweanalog senge tembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye kuyerera. Iyo ine yakakura mashandisirwo muminda senge simbi, makemikari engineering, kupisa kupisa, uye boiler control. Semaindasitiri ekudzora makomputa, maPLC anogona kurongwa neakasiyana ekudzora algorithms kuita yakavharwa-loop control. PID kudzora inzira inowanzoshandiswa yemitemo mune yakavharwa-loop control system. Ose ari epakati uye akakura-saizi PLCs akashongedzerwa nePID modules, uye parizvino, akawanda madiki-saizi PLCs anoratidzawo iyi inoshanda module. PID kugadzirisa kazhinji inosanganisira kumhanya yakatsaurirwa PID subroutine.
(5) Data Processing
MaPLC emazuva ano ane mashandiro emasvomhu (anosanganisira matrix computation, basa computation, zvine musoro mashandiro), kuendesa data, kushandura data, kuronga, kutarisa-tafura, uye bit manipulation mabasa. Ivo vanogona kuita kutora data, kuongorora, uye kugadzirisa. Idzi data rinogona kufananidzwa nereference values dzakachengetwa mundangariro kuti dziite dzakananga kudzora mashandiro kana kuendeswa kune mamwe maturusi ehungwaru kuburikidza nekutaurirana mabasa. Anogonawo kudhindwa uye kurongwa. Kugadziriswa kwedata kunowanzo shandiswa mumahombe-anodzora masisitimu, senge asina kurongeka anochinjika masisitimu ekugadzira, uye mune maitiro ekudzora masisitimu, akadai seaya ekugadzira mapepa, simbi, uye indasitiri yechikafu.
(6) Kukurukurirana uye Networking
Kukurukurirana kwePLC kunosanganisira kutaurirana pakati pePLCs uye pakati pePLCs nemamwe maturusi akangwara. Nekuvandudzwa kwekutonga kwekombuta, fekitori otomatiki network yakakwira nekukurumidza. Vese vagadziri vePLC vanoisa simbiso huru pakugona kutaurirana kwePLCs uye vakaunza yavo akasiyana network masisitimu. Ichangoburwa PLCs dzakashongedzerwa nekutaurirana, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kuve nyore.
III. Yakakosha Mamiriro uye Kushanda Nheyo yePLCs
Sekombiyuta inodzora maindasitiri, maPLC anogovana zvakafanana muchimiro nemakomputa akajairwa. Nekudaro, misiyano inomuka nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ekushandisa uye zvinangwa.
1. Hardware Zvikamu zvePLCs
Iyo yekutanga chimiro dhizaini yePLC host inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi: [Mufananidzo]
Mudhiyagiramu, iyo PLC inomiririra ine CPU, ndangariro (EPROM, RAM), yekupinda / yekubuda mauniti, peripheral I/O interfaces, yekutaurirana nzvimbo, uye magetsi. Kune akakosha PLCs, zvese izvi zvikamu zvakaiswa mukati meiyo kabati. Mune modular PLCs, chimwe nechimwe chikamu chakazvimiririra chakarongedzwa semodule, uye ma modules akabatana kuburikidza nereki uye tambo. Zvese zvikamu zviri mukati memugadziri zvakabatana kuburikidza nemagetsi mabhazi, control mabhazi, kero mabhazi, uye data mabhasi. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechinhu chaicho chekudzora, akasiyana ekunze maturusi anogadziriswa kuti agadzire akasiyana PLC control system.
Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvekunze zvinosanganisira vanogadzira mapurogiramu, vanodhinda, uye vanyori veEPROM. MaPLC anogona zvakare kuve akashongedzerwa nemamodule ekutaurirana kuti ataure nemichina yepamusoro-yepamusoro uye mamwe maPLC, nekudaro achigadzira yakagoverwa yekudzora sisitimu yePLCs.
Pazasi pane sumo kuchikamu chega chega chePLC nebasa rayo, kubatsira vashandisi kunzwisisa zviri nani misimboti yekutonga uye maitiro ekushanda ePLCs.
(1) CPU
Iyo CPU ndiyo inodzora nzvimbo yePLC. Pasi pekutonga kweCPU, iyo PLC inoronga uye inoshanda zvakarongeka kuti iwane kutonga pamusoro peakasiyana-siyana pa-saiti michina. Inoumbwa ne microprocessor uye controller, iyo CPU inogona kuita zvine musoro uye masvomhu mashandiro uye kuronga basa reakasiyana emukati emukati meiyo control system. Mutongi anotarisira kushanda kwakarongeka kwezvikamu zvose zve microprocessor. Basa rayo guru nderekuverenga mirairo kubva mundangariro uye kuiita.
(2) Chiyeuchidzo
PLCs akashongedzerwa nemhando mbiri dzendangariro: system memory uye mushandisi memory. System memory inochengeta masisitimu manejimendi zvirongwa, izvo vashandisi vasingakwanise kuwana kana kugadzirisa. Mushandisi ndangariro zvitoro akaunganidza maapplication zvirongwa uye basa data data. Chikamu chemushandisi chiyeuchidzo chinochengeta data rebasa chinozivikanwa senzvimbo yekuchengetera data. Inosanganisira yekupinda/inobuditsa dhata nzvimbo dzemifananidzo, preset uye yazvino kukosha kwedhata nzvimbo dzenguva/akaunda, uye buffer nzvimbo dzekuchengeta dzepakati mhedzisiro.
PLC ndangariro inonyanya kusanganisira anotevera marudzi:
Yekuverenga-chete Memori (ROM)
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
Magetsi Anodzimurika Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
(3) Input / Output (I / O) Modules
① Kushandura Input Module
Kuchinja midziyo yekupinza inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana, mabhatani, masensa, nezvimwewo. PLC mhando dzekuisa dzinogona kunge dziri DC, AC, kana zvese. Iyo magetsi eiyo yekuisa wedunhu inogona kupihwa kunze, kana mune dzimwe nguva, inopihwa mukati nePLC.
② Kuchinja Kubuda Module
Iyo inobuda module inoshandura iyo TTL-level control masiginecha inoburitswa neCPU paunenge uchiita chirongwa chemushandisi kuita masaini anodiwa panzvimbo yekugadzira kutyaira chaiyo michina, nekudaro ichimisa nzira yekuuraya.
(4) Mugadziri wepurogiramu
Iyo programmer yakakosha yekunze mudziyo wePLCs. Iyo inobvumira vashandisi kuisa zvirongwa muPLC's mushandisi chirongwa chendangariro, debug zvirongwa, uye yekutarisa kuita kwechirongwa. Zvirongwa, vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanogona kuiswa mumhando nhatu:
Handheld Programmer
Graphical Programmer
General Computer Programmer
(5) Kugovera Simba
Simba rekupa magetsi rinoshandura simba rekunze (semuenzaniso, 220V AC) kuva mukati mekushanda voltage. Iyo yekunze yakabatana magetsi inoshandurwa kuita voltage yekushanda inodiwa nePLC's mukati maseketi (semuenzaniso, DC 5V, ± 12V, 24V) kuburikidza neyakatsaurirwa switch-mode voltage regulator mukati mePLC. Inopawo 24V DC magetsi emagetsi ekunze ekushandisa ekunze (semuenzaniso, ma switch epedyo) (yekupinza mapoinzi chete). Iwo magetsi ekutyaira PLC mitoro anopihwa ne...
(6) Peripheral Interfaces
Peripheral interface maseketi anobatanidza handheld programmers kana mamwe magraphical programmer, mavara ekuratidzira, uye anogona kuumba PLC control network kuburikidza neperipheral interface. MaPLC anogona kubatana kumakomputa achishandisa PC/PPI tambo kana MPI kadhi kuburikidza neRS-485 interface, inogonesa kuronga, kutarisa, networking, uye mamwe mabasa.
2. Zvikamu zveSoftware zvePLCs
PLC software inosanganisira zvirongwa zvehurongwa uye zvirongwa zvevashandisi. Zvirongwa zveSistimu zvakagadzirirwa uye kunyorwa nevagadziri vePLC uye kuchengetwa muPLC's system memory. Vashandisi havagone kuverenga, kunyora, kana kuzvishandura zvakananga. Zvirongwa zveSistimu zvinowanzo sanganisira zvirongwa zvekuongororwa kwehurongwa, zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvekupinza, zvirongwa zvekubatanidza, zvirongwa zvekufambisa ruzivo, uye zvirongwa zvekutarisa, pakati pezvimwe.
User zvirongwa zvinoumbwa nevashandisi vachishandisa PLC programming mitauro zvichienderana nekutonga zvinodiwa. Mumashandisirwo ePLC, chinonyanya kukosha kushandisa PLC programming mitauro kunyora zvirongwa zvevashandisi kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekutonga. Sezvo maPLC akagadzirirwa zvakanangana nekutonga kwemaindasitiri, vashandisi vavo vekutanga inyanzvi dzemagetsi. Kuti vaenderane nemaitiro avo echinyakare uye kugona kudzidza, maPLC anonyanya kushandisa mitauro yakazvipira iri nyore, inonzwisisika, uye inonzwisisika zvichienzaniswa nemitauro yemakomputa.
Graphical Instruction Structure
Zvakajeka Variables uye Constant
Chimiro Chepurogiramu Yakareruka
Yakarerutswa Yekushandisa Software Generation process
Enhanced Debugging Tools
3. Basic Working Principle yePLCs
Iyo PLC yekuongorora maitiro inonyanya kukamurwa kuita matanho matatu: yekuisa sampling, mushandisi chirongwa chekuita, uye kubuda kunozorodza. Sezvinoratidzwa pamufananidzo: [Mufananidzo]
Input Sampling Stage
Munguva yekuisa sampling nhanho, iyo PLC inoteedzana inoverenga ese mameseji ekuisa uye data nenzira yekuongorora uye inozvichengeta muzvikamu zvinoenderana zveI/O nzvimbo yemufananidzo. Mushure mekuisa sampling yapedzwa, maitiro anoenderera kune mushandisi chirongwa chekushandisa uye kubuda kunozorodza matanho. Mumatanho maviri aya, kunyangwe kana mastatus ekuisa uye data achichinja, iwo mastatus uye data muzvikamu zvinowirirana zveI / O nzvimbo yemufananidzo hazvizoshandurwe. Naizvozvo, kana iyo yekupinza iri chiratidzo che pulse, iyo pulse hupamhi inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura imwechete yekuongorora kutenderera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iyo inopinza inogona kuverengerwa chero mamiriro ezvinhu.
Mushandisi Chirongwa Execution Stage
Munguva yekushandiswa kwechirongwa chemushandisi, iyo PLC inogara ichiongorora chirongwa chemushandisi (manera dhayagiramu) mukutevedzana kwepamusoro-pasi. Kana uchitarisa dhayagiramu yega yega yemanera, inotanga kutarisisa dunhu rekutonga rakaumbwa nevanobata vari kuruboshwe rwedhayagiramu yemanera. Kushanda zvine musoro kunoitwa padunhu rekutonga mune kuruboshwe-kurudyi, kumusoro-kusvika-pasi kurongeka. Zvadaro, zvichibva pane zvakabuda mukushanda zvine musoro, chimiro cheiyo inoenderana bhiti muhurongwa RAM nzvimbo yekuchengetera iyo inonzwisisika coil inozorodzwa, kana chimiro cheiyo inoenderana bhiti munzvimbo yeI / O yemufananidzo weiyo inobuda coil inozorodzwa, kana inotariswa kuti ichaita basa rakakosha mirairo inotsanangurwa nedhayagiramu yemanera.
Ndiko kuti, panguva yekuitwa kwechirongwa chemushandisi, chete mastatus uye data yemapoinzi ekuisa munzvimbo yeI / O yemifananidzo inoramba isina kuchinjika, nepo mamiriro uye data yemamwe mapoinzi ekubuda uye zvinyoro zvinyoro munzvimbo yeI / O yemufananidzo kana system RAM yekuchengetedza nzvimbo inogona kuchinja. Madhayagiramu emanera akaiswa kumusoro kumusoro anozokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuurayiwa kwemadhayagiramu emanera epasi anonongedzera aya makoiri kana data. Zvichakadaro, zvimiro zvakazorodzwa kana dhata remakoiri ane musoro mumadhayagiramu emanera epasi anongopesvedzera madhayagiramu emanera epamusoro mune inotevera kutenderera kutenderera.
Output Refreshing Stage
Kana chirongwa chemushandisi chapera, iyo PLC inopinda muchikamu chinozorodza chekubuda. Munguva iyi, iyo CPU inogadziridza ese anobuda latch maseketi zvinoenderana nematemu uye data munzvimbo yeI / O yemufananidzo uye inotyaira inoenderana peripherals kuburikidza neanobuda maseketi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuburitsa kwechokwadi kwePLC.
Input/Output Lag Phenomenon
Kubva pakushanda kwePLC, mhedziso dzinotevera dzinogona kutorwa:
Zvirongwa zvinoitwa nenzira yekuongorora, zvichikonzera kusarudzika muhukama hune musoro pakati pekuisa uye kubuda masaini. Iyo yakareba iyo scanning cycle, iyo yakanyanya kuoma iyo lag.
Pamusoro penguva inogarwa nematanho matatu makuru ekushanda-yekuisa sampling, mushandisi chirongwa chekushandisa, uye kubuda kunozorodza-kutenderera kutenderera kunosanganisirawo nguva inopedzwa nehurongwa hwekutonga mashandiro. Iyo nguva inotorwa yekuitwa kwechirongwa inoenderana nehurefu hwechirongwa uye kuoma kwemabasa ekuraira, nepo zvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba zvisingaite. Kutenderera kutenderera kunowanzo kurongeka kwemamilliseconds kana mamicroseconds.
Munguva yekuitwa kwenth scan, iyo data yekuisa yaivimbwa nayo ndiyo sampled value X yakawanikwa panguva yesampling chikamu cheiyo scanning kutenderera. Iyo yakabuda data Y(n) yakavakirwa pane ese aibuda kukosha Y(n-1) kubva kune yakapfuura scan uye yazvino kukosha kukosha Yn. Chiratidzo chakatumirwa kune chinobuda terminal chinomiririra mhedzisiro Yn mushure mekunge ma computations ese aitwa panguva iyi.
Iyo yekupinza / yekubuda yekupindura lag haina hukama chete nenzira yekuongorora asiwo nekurongeka kwechirongwa chedhizaini.