Kurambirwa kuzimira muguhitamo kwa PLC? Kurikiza aya mahame 8 yingirakamaro kugirango uhitemo neza!
Kurambirwa kuzimira muguhitamo kwa PLC? Kurikiza aya mahame 8 yingirakamaro kugirango uhitemo neza!
Kurambirwa kuzimira muguhitamo kwa PLC? Kurikiza aya mahame 8 yingirakamaro kugirango uhitemo neza!
Mbere yo guhitamo PLC, intambwe yambere ni ugusobanura sisitemu ibisabwa. Iyo ibi bimaze gusobanuka, urashobora noneho guhitamo uwabikoze nicyitegererezo. Ariko se ni gute wafata ibyemezo? Iyi ngingo itanga ubuyobozi burambuye kugirango bugufashe guhitamo PLC ihuye neza nibyo ukeneye, ikubiyemo abayikora, moderi, ingingo za I / O, hamwe nibikorwa byo kugenzura.
1. Abakora PLC
Mugihe cyo kumenya uruganda rwa PLC, ibintu byingenzi nkibisabwa n’umukoresha, kumenyekanisha ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye, guhuza ibicuruzwa byunganira, hamwe na serivisi ya tekiniki bigomba gutekerezwa. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa biva mumasosiyete akomeye mpuzamahanga byizewe. Kubikoresho bito, byigenga cyangwa sisitemu yoroshye yo kugenzura, abayapani PLC akenshi batanga agaciro keza. Kuri sisitemu nini zifite imiyoboro ihanitse kandi isabwa itumanaho, inganda za PLC ziva mu Burayi no muri Amerika zikunda kuba nziza kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutumanaho.
Ku nganda kabuhariwe nka metallurgie cyangwa itabi, nibyiza guhitamo sisitemu ya PLC ifite imikorere igaragara hamwe nibikorwa byizewe muri iyo mirenge.
2. Iyinjiza / Ibisohoka (I / O) Ingingo
Umubare w'amanota I / O ni ikintu cy'ibanze cya PLC. Kugirango umenye amanota asabwa I / O, ubare umubare rusange w'amanota I / O ukenewe kubikoresho byawe byo kugenzura. Mubisanzwe, ugomba gushiramo 10% kugeza 20% margin kugirango ubunini. Mugihe cyo gutumiza, hagomba kandi guhinduka hashingiwe kubiranga ibicuruzwa byakozwe na PLC.
3. Ubushobozi bwo kubika
Ubushobozi bwo kubika PLC bivuga ibikoresho byo kubika ibyuma bitanga. Ubushobozi bwa porogaramu, ububiko bukoreshwa mubyukuri ukoresha porogaramu, ni nto kurenza ubushobozi bwo kubika. Kubera ko ubushobozi bwa porogaramu butazwi mugihe cyo gushushanya (mbere yuko porogaramu isaba abakoresha yandikwa), iragereranywa hashingiwe kubushobozi bwo kubika. Ikigereranyo rusange cyo kugereranya ni: (umubare wumubare wa I / O amanota × 10-15) + (umubare wikigereranyo cya I / O amanota × 100) = amagambo yose (16 bits kuri buri jambo), hiyongereyeho 25%.
4. Kugenzura Imikorere
Mugihe uhitamo PLC, suzuma ibintu byingenzi bikurikira: imirimo yo kubara, imikorere yo kugenzura, ubushobozi bwitumanaho, ibiranga gahunda, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, n'umuvuduko wo gutunganya.
Imikorere yo Kubara
PLC yibanze mubusanzwe ishyigikira ibikorwa byumvikana, igihe, no kubara. Hagati ya PLC nayo ikubiyemo guhinduranya amakuru no kugereranya imikorere. Imikorere yo kubara igezweho nkibikorwa bya algebraic no kohereza amakuru birasanzwe muri PLC nini. PLC yohejuru cyane niyo ishyigikira ibikorwa bya PID kugirango igenzurwe hamwe nibindi bibarwa byateye imbere. Ukurikije porogaramu, ibintu byinshi bisaba gusa logique nigihe cyo / kubara ibikorwa, mugihe kohereza amakuru no kugereranya bishobora gukenerwa mubandi.
Kugenzura Imikorere
Igikorwa cyo kugenzura kirimo kugenzura PID, indishyi zidahagije, kugenzura ibipimo, nibindi. PLC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukurikirana logique ikurikiranye. Mubihe byinshi, abagenzuzi bonyine cyangwa benshi-bayobora imirimo igereranya imirimo. Kubikorwa bigoye byo kugenzura, ubwenge bwinjiza / ibisohoka muburyo (urugero, ibice bya PID cyangwa ibyihuta byihuta) birashobora kongera umuvuduko wo gutunganya no kubika ububiko.
Imikorere y'itumanaho
Sisitemu yo hagati-nini-nini ya PLC igomba gushyigikira bisi nyinshi hamwe na protocole isanzwe y'itumanaho (urugero, TCP / IP) kandi igomba kuba ishobora guhuza imiyoboro yo gucunga uruganda mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Ihuriro ryitumanaho rigomba kubamo ibyambu bikurikirana / bigereranywa, Ethernet yinganda, nibindi. Kubirenzeho kandi byizewe, bisi zitumanaho zigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga kandi zujuje ibisabwa intera.
Imikorere ya Porogaramu
PLC programming irashobora gukorwa kumurongo (CPU isangiwe hagati ya PLC na programmer) cyangwa kumurongo (CPU zitandukanye kuri PLC na programmer). Indimi eshanu zisanzwe zikoreshwa ni gahunda zikurikirana (SFC), Igishushanyo cy'urwego (LD), Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika (FBD), Urutonde rw'Amabwiriza (IL), hamwe n'inyandiko zubatswe (ST). Byiza, PLC igomba kandi gushyigikira indimi zinyongera nka C cyangwa Shingiro kubikorwa byihariye.
Imikorere yo Gusuzuma
Isuzuma rya PLC rikubiyemo ibyuma na software. Gusuzuma ibyuma byerekana amakosa ukoresheje igenzura ryumvikana, mugihe isuzuma rya software ririmo imbere (imikorere ijyanye nibikorwa) hamwe no kugenzura hanze (bijyanye n'itumanaho). Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusuzuma bugabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga nibisabwa tekinike kubakoresha.
Umuvuduko wo gutunganya
Umuvuduko wo gutunganya PLC ugira ingaruka kumikorere-nyayo. Niba ibimenyetso bimara igihe gito ugereranije na PLC yo gusikana, ibimenyetso birashobora kubura. Umuvuduko wo gutunganya biterwa nibintu nkuburebure bwa porogaramu n'ubushobozi bwa CPU. PLC igezweho ikora amabwiriza ya binary muri microseconds 0.2–0.4, yujuje ibisabwa byihuta byo kugenzura. Scan cycle ibihe igomba kuba ≤0.5ms / K kuri PLC nto na ≤0.2ms / K kuri sisitemu nini.
5. Ubwoko bwa PLC
PLC yashyizwe mubyiciro byahujwe kandi muburyo bwa modular. Integrated PLCs zifite aho zigarukira kandi zihamye I / O, bituma zikwiranye na sisitemu ntoya yo kugenzura (urugero, Siemens S7-200, Mitsubishi FX ikurikirana). Modular ya PLC itanga iboneza I / O byoroshye binyuze muburyo bwo guhinduranya kandi nibyiza kuri sisitemu nini (urugero, Siemens S7-300 / S7-400, serivise ya Mitsubishi Q).
6. Guhitamo Module
Digitale I / O Module
Modire ya Digital I / O iratandukanye mubisobanuro (urugero, ibisubizo byerekana, ibisubizo bya transistor) na amanota ya I / O (amanota 8, 16, 32). Ibisubizo bya relay birahenze ariko bifite igihe gito cyo kubaho, mugihe ibya thyristor byihuta ariko bihenze. Guhitamo bigomba guhuza nibisabwa.
Ikigereranyo I / O Module
Analog yinjiza module ikora ibimenyetso nka 4–20mA ikigezweho cyangwa 0-10V voltage. Analog isohoka module nayo itanga ibimenyetso byubu cyangwa voltage. Module iratandukanye muburyo bwo kubara (2, 4, 8) kandi igomba guhitamo ukurikije ibikenewe byihariye.
Imikorere
Imikorere module ikubiyemo itumanaho, guhagarara, gusohora impanuka, kubara byihuse, kubara PID, no kugenzura ubushyuhe. Mugihe uhitamo, suzuma ibyuma byombi hamwe na software.
7. Imikorere y'ikirenga
Kubisabwa bikomeye, ubudahangarwa bushobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kugenzura (urugero, 1B1 kurenga kuri CPU no gutanga amashanyarazi) hamwe na I / O. Ibishushanyo birenze urugero byongera sisitemu yo kwizerwa.
8. Amategeko rusange
Ubwoko bwa PLC nibisobanuro bimaze gusobanurwa mugari, menya ibyingenzi nibipimo bya buri kintu ukurikije ibisabwa kugenzura. Mugihe uhitamo module, shyira imbere:
- Ubukungu bukora neza: Kuringaniza ibiciro-imikorere, kwaguka, no koroshya imikorere.
- Kuborohereza gukoreshwa: Koroshya igishushanyo no kugabanya ibintu byo kugenzura hanze.
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Koresha module imwe kugirango woroshye amasoko no kuyitaho.
- Guhuza: Menya neza ko ibice byose bihuye, nibyiza biva mubakora kimwe.