Ubumenyi bwa PLC Round-Up: Gusoma Byingenzi Kubashinzwe Amashanyarazi!
Ubumenyi bwa PLC Round-Up: Gusoma Byingenzi Kubashinzwe Amashanyarazi!
I. Ibisobanuro no gutondekanya PLCs
PLC, cyangwa Programmable Logic Controller, ni igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho bigenzura inganda zose. Ishingiye kuri microprocessor kandi ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, tekinoroji yo kugenzura byikora, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho. Yashizweho kubidukikije byinganda, PLC iranga byoroshye-kumva-porogaramu ikoresheje "ururimi karemano" iganisha kubikorwa no kugenzura. Barangwa n'ubworoherane, koroshya imikorere, no kwizerwa cyane.
Byahindutse bivuye kumurongo ukurikirana, PLCs yibanze kuri microprocessor kandi ikora nkibikoresho byinshi byikora byikora. Reka dusuzume ibintu byihariye:
1. Ibisobanuro
PLC ni sisitemu ya elegitoroniki igenewe porogaramu zikoreshwa mu nganda. Ikoresha porogaramu yibuka kugirango ibike amabwiriza kubikorwa nko kubara byumvikana, kugenzura uko bikurikirana, igihe, kubara, no kubara. Muguhuza ibyuma bya digitale nibigereranirizo byinjira nibisohoka, PLC igenzura ibikoresho bitandukanye byubukanishi nuburyo bwo gukora. Byombi PLC hamwe nibikoresho byabo bya peripheri byashizweho kugirango bihuze hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda no koroshya imikorere.
2. Ibyiciro
Ibicuruzwa bya PLC biza muburyo butandukanye hamwe nibisobanuro bitandukanye n'ubushobozi bwo gukora. Bashyizwe mubice byinshi bishingiye kumiterere, itandukaniro ryimikorere, numubare wa I / O.
2.1 Gutondekanya muburyo bw'imiterere
PLCs irashobora gushyirwa mubice byubwoko butandukanye kandi bushingiye kumiterere yabyo.
(1) PLC Yuzuye
Inzu ya Integral PLCs nkibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, CPU, na I / O imbere muri guverinoma imwe. Bazwiho imiterere yoroheje, ingano nto, kandi birashoboka. Gito-nini ya PLC isanzwe ifata iyi miterere. PLC yibanze igizwe nigice cyibanze (kizwi kandi nkigice nyamukuru) gifite ingingo zitandukanye za I / O hamwe nigice cyo kwagura. Igice cyibanze kirimo CPU, I / O, icyambu cyo kwaguka cyo guhuza ibice bya I / O byo kwaguka, hamwe nintera yo guhuza porogaramu cyangwa umwanditsi wa EPROM. Igice cyo kwaguka, kurundi ruhande, kirimo I / O gusa nibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, nta CPU. Igice cyibanze no kwagura ubusanzwe bihujwe hakoreshejwe umugozi uringaniye. Integral PLCs irashobora kandi kuba ifite ibikoresho byihariye byimikorere, nkibice bisa nibice bigenzura imyanya, kugirango byongere ubushobozi bwabo.
(2) Moderi ya Moderi
Modular ya PLC iranga module zitandukanye kuri buri kintu, nka CPU module, I / O modules, modul yo gutanga amashanyarazi (rimwe na rimwe ikomatanyirizwa muri module ya CPU), hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye. Izi module zashyizwe kumurongo cyangwa inyuma. Ibyiza bya modular ya PLC biri muburyo bworoshye, byemerera guhitamo umunzani wa sisitemu zitandukanye nkuko bikenewe. Biroroshye kandi guteranya, kwagura, no kubungabunga. Hagati na nini-nini ya PLC muri rusange ifata imiterere.
Byongeye kandi, PLC zimwe zihuza ibiranga ubwoko bwombi butandukanye kandi bugizwe, bukora ibizwi nka PLC yegeranye. Muri PLC zegeranye, ibice nka CPU, amashanyarazi, hamwe na I / O intera ni module yigenga ihujwe ninsinga kandi irashobora gutondekwa kumurongo. Igishushanyo ntabwo gitanga gusa imiterere ya sisitemu yoroheje ahubwo inemerera ubunini buke.
2.2 Gutondekanya kubikorwa
Ukurikije ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora, PLCs irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: impera-nto, hagati, na-end.
(1) PLC yo hasi
PLC yo hasi-ifite ibikorwa byibanze nkibikorwa byumvikana, igihe, kubara, guhinduranya, kwisuzumisha, no gukurikirana. Bashobora kandi gushiramo umubare ntarengwa wo kugereranya kwinjiza / gusohora, ibikorwa byo kubara, guhererekanya amakuru no kugereranya, hamwe nibikorwa byitumanaho. Izi PLC zikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini imwe irimo kugenzura byumvikana, kugenzura uko bikurikirana, cyangwa umubare muto wo kugenzura.
(2) Hagati ya PLC
Usibye imikorere ya PLC yo hasi, PLC yo hagati itanga ubushobozi bukomeye mugushushanya kwinjiza / gusohora, ibikorwa byo kubara, guhererekanya amakuru no kugereranya, sisitemu yo guhindura umubare, kure ya I / O, subroutines, no guhuza itumanaho. Bamwe barashobora kandi kwerekana imikorere yo guhagarika no kugenzura ibikorwa bya PID, bigatuma bikwiranye na sisitemu igenzura.
(3) PLC yo mu rwego rwo hejuru
PLCs zohejuru, hiyongereyeho ubushobozi bwurwego ruciriritse rwa PLC, zirimo ibikorwa byiterambere nkibikorwa byasinywe byimibare, kubara matrix, ibikorwa bya logique, kubara kare, kubara, nibindi bikorwa byihariye bidasanzwe. Bagaragaza kandi kurema imbonerahamwe hamwe nubushobozi bwo kohereza kumeza. PLCs zohejuru cyane zirata itumanaho ryongerewe imbaraga hamwe nibikorwa byurusobe, bigafasha kugenzura ibikorwa binini cyangwa gushiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imiyoboro yagabanijwe, bityo bikagera kubikorwa byinganda.
2.3 Gutondekanya amanota I / O.
Ukurikije umubare w amanota I / O, PLC irashobora gushyirwa mubice bito, bito, na binini.
(1) PLC nto
PLC ntoya ifite amanota ari munsi ya 256 I / O, iranga CPU imwe, kandi ikoresha 8-bit cyangwa 16-bitunganijwe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwibuka bukoreshwa buri munsi ya 4KB.
(2) Hagati ya PLC
Hagati ya PLC ifite amanota ari hagati ya 256 na 2048 I / O, ikoresha CPU ebyiri, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwibuka bwabakoresha kuva kuri 2KB kugeza 8KB.
(3) PLC nini
PLC nini yirata hejuru ya 2048 I / O, ikoresha CPU nyinshi, kandi ifite ibikoresho 16-bit cyangwa 32-bit bitunganijwe. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwibuka bukoreshwa kuva 8KB kugeza 16KB.
Kwisi yose, ibicuruzwa bya PLC birashobora gushyirwa mubice bitatu byingenzi byo mukarere: Abanyamerika, Abanyaburayi, n'Abayapani. Tekinoroji y'Abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi PLC yatejwe imbere yigenga, bivamo itandukaniro ritandukanye hagati y'ibicuruzwa byabo. Ubuhanga bw'Ubuyapani PLC, bwatangijwe muri Amerika, buragwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga PLC y'Abanyamerika ariko byibanda kuri PLC ntoya. Mugihe PLC y'Abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi izwi cyane kubera itangwa ryabo rinini kandi rinini, PLC zo mu Buyapani zizwi cyane kuri bagenzi babo bato.
II. Imikorere nibisabwa bya PLCs
PLCs ihuza ibyiza byo kugenzura-guhuza no guhuza mudasobwa. Igishushanyo cyihariye 赋予了 PLCs ibintu byinshi bitagereranywa ugereranije nabandi bagenzuzi.
1. Imikorere ya PLC
Nkigikoresho rusange cyo kugenzura inganda zikoresha inganda zishingiye kuri microprocessors no guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, tekinoroji yo kugenzura byikora, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, PLCs itanga ibyiza byinshi. Ibi birimo kwizerwa cyane, ingano yoroheje, imikorere ikomeye, igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye, gihindagurika, hamwe no kubungabunga byoroshye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, PLC isanga porogaramu nini mubice nka metallurgie, ingufu, imiti, ubwikorezi, hamwe n’amashanyarazi, bigaragara nkimwe mu nkingi eshatu zo kugenzura inganda zigezweho (hamwe na robo na CAD / CAM). Ukurikije ibiranga PLC, imiterere yabyo irashobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira:
(1) Guhindura Igenzura ryumvikana
PLCs ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubara, ibafasha kugera kubintu bitandukanye byoroshye kandi bigoye kugenzura. Nuburyo bwibanze kandi bukoreshwa cyane muri PLCs, gusimbuza imiyoboro ya relay-ihuza.
(2) Igenzura
PLCs ifite ibikoresho bya A / D na D / A modules yo guhindura. Module ya A / D ihindura ibigereranyo biva mu murima - nk'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko - muburyo bwa digitale. Ingano ya digitale noneho itunganywa na microprocessor muri PLC (nkuko microprocessor ishobora gukora gusa umubare wa digitale) hanyuma igakoreshwa mugucunga. Ubundi, D / A module ihindura umubare wa digitale igasubira mubintu bisa kugirango igenzure ikintu cyagenzuwe, bityo igafasha PLC kugenzura ibintu bisa.
(3) Kugenzura inzira
Ibigezweho bigezweho kandi binini-binini bya PLC mubisanzwe biranga PID igenzura, ifasha kugenzura-gufunga inzira. Iyo impinduka itandukiriye mugihe cyo kugenzura, PLC ibara umusaruro mwiza ukoresheje algorithm ya PID, bityo ugahindura inzira yumusaruro kandi ugakomeza impinduka kumurongo. Kugeza ubu, PLC nyinshi ntoya nazo zirimo imikorere ya PID yo kugenzura.
(4) Kugenzura Igihe no Kubara
PLC irata igihe gikomeye no kubara ubushobozi, bushobora gutanga mirongo, amagana, cyangwa ibihumbi byigihe na compte. Igihe cyigihe hamwe no kubara indangagaciro zirashobora gushyirwaho uko bishakiye numukoresha mugihe wandika progaramu yumukoresha, cyangwa nabakoresha kurubuga binyuze kuri programmer. Ibi bifasha igihe no kubara kugenzura. Niba abakoresha bakeneye kubara ibimenyetso byihuta cyane, barashobora guhitamo kwihuta kubara modul.
(5) Igenzura rikurikiranye
Mu kugenzura inganda, igenzura rikurikirana rishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe amabwiriza yintambwe ya PLC cyangwa gahunda yo kwandikisha gahunda.
(6) Gutunganya amakuru
PLC igezweho ntabwo ishoboye gusa gukora imibare yimibare, guhererekanya amakuru, gutondekanya, no kureba kumeza ariko irashobora no kugereranya amakuru, guhindura amakuru, itumanaho ryamakuru, kwerekana amakuru, no gucapa. Bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutunganya amakuru.
(7) Itumanaho no guhuza imiyoboro
PLC nyinshi zigezweho zirimo itumanaho nikoranabuhanga ryurusobe, ririmo RS-232 cyangwa RS-485 intera yo kugenzura kure ya I / O. PLC nyinshi zirashobora guhuzwa no kuvugana nundi. Ibimenyetso bitunganya ibikoresho byo hanze birashobora guhana porogaramu hamwe namakuru hamwe numugenzuzi umwe cyangwa benshi. Ihererekanyabubasha rya porogaramu, ihererekanyamakuru rya dosiye, kugenzura, no gusuzuma bishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe imiyoboro y’itumanaho cyangwa abatunganya itumanaho, bifashisha imiyoboro isanzwe y’ibikoresho cyangwa protocole y'itumanaho nyirizina kugirango byorohereze porogaramu no kohereza amakuru.
2. Gusaba Imirima ya PLC
Kugeza ubu, PLC ikoreshwa cyane haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu nganda zitandukanye, zirimo ibyuma n'ibyuma, peteroli, imiti, ingufu, ibikoresho byo kubaka, gukora imashini, imodoka, imyenda yoroheje, ubwikorezi, kurengera ibidukikije, n'imyidagaduro y’umuco. Ibyifuzo byabo birashobora gutondekwa muburyo bukurikira:
(1) Guhindura Igenzura ryumvikana
Ngiyo ibyingenzi kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa cyane bya PLCs, gusimbuza imiyoboro ya relay gakondo kugirango ugere kugenzura byumvikana kandi bikurikiranye. PLC irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga imashini imwe kimwe no kugenzura amatsinda menshi yimashini no kugenzura imirongo ikora, nk'imashini zitera inshinge, imashini zicapura, imashini zikoresha imashini zikoresha imashini, imashini zisya, imashini zipakira, hamwe n'imirongo yo guteranya amashanyarazi.
(2) Igenzura
Mubikorwa byinganda zinganda, byinshi bikomeza gutandukana muburyo butandukanye - nkubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, urwego rwamazi, n'umuvuduko - ni byinshi. Kugirango ushoboze PLC gukemura ibigereranyo, A / D na D / A ihinduka hagati yikigereranyo nubunini bwa digitale bigomba kugerwaho. Uruganda rwa PLC rutanga umusaruro uherekeza A / D na D / Guhindura module kugirango byorohereze igenzura rya porogaramu kuri PLC.
(3) Igenzura ryimikorere
PLCirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuzenguruka cyangwa kumurongo. Kubyerekeranye no kugenzura sisitemu iboneza, porogaramu zambere zahujwe mu buryo butaziguye na sensor sensor hamwe na moteri kugirango uhindure I / O. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibintu bukoreshwa muri rusange. Izi modules zirashobora gutwara umurongo umwe cyangwa umurongo-wo kugenzura umwanya wa moteri cyangwa servo moteri. Ibicuruzwa hafi ya byose byingenzi byabakora ibicuruzwa bya PLC kwisi yose biranga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibintu, bikoreshwa cyane mumashini atandukanye, ibikoresho byimashini, robot, lift, nibindi bikorwa.
(4) Kugenzura inzira
Igenzura ryibikorwa bivuga kugenzura-gufunga kugereranya ibintu nkubushyuhe, umuvuduko, nigitemba. Ifite porogaramu nini mubice nka metallurgie, injeniyeri yimiti, kuvura ubushyuhe, no kugenzura ibyuka. Nka mudasobwa igenzura inganda, PLCs irashobora gutegurwa hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura algorithms kugirango igenzure ifunze. Igenzura rya PID nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kugenzura muri sisitemu yo kugenzura-gufunga. Byombi biciriritse na binini binini bya PLC bifite ibikoresho bya PID, kandi kuri ubu, byinshi bito-binini bya PLC nabyo biranga iyi module ikora. Gutunganya PID mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukora PID subroutine yabugenewe.
(5) Gutunganya amakuru
PLC igezweho ifite ibikoresho byimibare (harimo kubara matrix, kubara imikorere, ibikorwa byumvikana), guhererekanya amakuru, guhinduranya amakuru, gutondeka, kumeza-kureba, hamwe nibikorwa bya manipulation. Barashobora gukora amakuru, gusesengura, no gutunganya. Aya makuru arashobora kugereranwa nagaciro kabitswe mububiko kugirango akore ibikorwa byihariye byo kugenzura cyangwa koherezwa mubindi bikoresho byubwenge binyuze mumikorere yitumanaho. Birashobora kandi gucapurwa no gutondekwa. Gutunganya amakuru mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri sisitemu nini yo kugenzura, nka sisitemu yinganda zikora zidafite abadereva, ndetse no muri sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira, nko mu gukora impapuro, metallurgie, n’inganda zikora ibiryo.
(6) Itumanaho no guhuza imiyoboro
Itumanaho rya PLC rikubiyemo itumanaho hagati ya PLC no hagati ya PLC nibindi bikoresho byubwenge. Hamwe niterambere ryigenzura rya mudasobwa, imiyoboro yo gutangiza uruganda yateye imbere byihuse. Abakora PLC bose bashimangira cyane ubushobozi bwitumanaho rya PLC kandi batangije sisitemu zabo. PLC iherutse gukorwa ifite interineti yitumanaho, itumanaho ryoroha cyane.
III. Imiterere shingiro nihame ryakazi rya PLC
Nka mudasobwa igenzura inganda, PLC isangiye ibintu muburyo na mudasobwa zisanzwe. Ariko, itandukaniro rivuka bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.
1. Ibikoresho bigize ibikoresho bya PLC
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere ya PLC yakiriwe irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo: [Ishusho]
Igishushanyo, uwakiriye PLC agizwe na CPU, kwibuka (EPROM, RAM), ibyinjijwe / ibisohoka, ibice bya I / O bya periferiya, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, hamwe n'amashanyarazi. Kuri PLC yibanze, ibyo bice byose byubatswe muri guverinoma imwe. Muri moderi ya PLC, buri kintu cyose cyapakiwe muburyo bwigenga, kandi module ihujwe na rack na insinga. Ibice byose mubakira byahujwe binyuze muri bisi zingufu, bisi igenzura, bisi ya aderesi, na bisi zamakuru. Ukurikije ibisabwa mubintu bifatika bigenzurwa, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo hanze byashyizweho kugirango bigire sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura PLC.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo hanze birimo programmes, printer, n'abanditsi ba EPROM. PLC irashobora kandi kuba ifite ibikoresho byitumanaho kugirango ivugane nimashini zo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nizindi PLC, bityo bigashiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura bwagabanijwe kuri PLC.
Hasi ni intangiriro kuri buri kintu kigize PLC ninshingano zacyo, kugirango bifashe abakoresha gusobanukirwa neza amahame yo kugenzura nibikorwa byakazi bya PLC.
(1) CPU
CPU nikigo gishinzwe kugenzura PLC. Igenzurwa na CPU, PLC irahuza kandi ikora kuri gahunda kugirango igere kubikoresho bitandukanye kurubuga. Igizwe na microprocessor hamwe nubugenzuzi, CPU irashobora gukora ibikorwa byumvikana n imibare kandi igahuza imirimo yibice bitandukanye byimbere muri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Umugenzuzi acunga imikorere ya gahunda yibice byose bya microprocessor. Igikorwa cyibanze cyayo ni ugusoma amabwiriza kuva mumutwe no kuyashyira mubikorwa.
(2) Kwibuka
PLC ifite ibikoresho bibiri byo kwibuka: sisitemu yo kwibuka hamwe nububiko bwabakoresha. Sisitemu yibuka sisitemu yo gucunga sisitemu, abakoresha badashobora kubona cyangwa guhindura. Ububiko bwibukoresha bukusanya porogaramu hamwe namakuru yakazi. Igice cyibikoresho byabakoresha bibika amakuru yakazi leta nayo izwi nkahantu ho kubika amakuru. Harimo kwinjiza / gusohora amakuru yerekana amashusho agace, kugena no kugereranya agaciro kamakuru kumwanya wigihe / kubara, hamwe na zone zo kubika ibisubizo hagati.
Ububiko bwa PLC burimo cyane cyane ubwoko bukurikira:
Soma-Kwibuka gusa (ROM)
Porogaramu ishobora gusoma-Kwibuka gusa (PROM)
Gusiba Programmable Gusoma-Kwibuka gusa (EPROM)
Amashanyarazi Yasibwe Porogaramu ishobora gusoma-Kwibuka gusa (EEPROM)
Kwibuka bisanzwe (RAM)
(3) Iyinjiza / Ibisohoka (I / O) Module
Guhindura Iyinjiza Module
Guhindura ibikoresho byinjiza birimo ibintu bitandukanye, buto, sensor, nibindi. Ubwoko bwa PLC bwinjiza bushobora kuba DC, AC, cyangwa byombi. Amashanyarazi yo kwinjiza inzitizi arashobora gutangwa hanze, cyangwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe, yatanzwe imbere na PLC.
Guhindura Ibisohoka Module
Ibisohoka module ihindura TTL-urwego rwo kugenzura ibimenyetso bisohoka na CPU mugihe ikora progaramu yumukoresha mubimenyetso bisabwa ahakorerwa kugirango itware ibikoresho byihariye, bityo ikore uburyo bwo gukora.
(4) Porogaramu
Porogaramu nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo hanze kuri PLC. Iyemerera abakoresha kwinjiza porogaramu mububiko bwa porogaramu ya PLC, porogaramu yo gukuramo, no gukurikirana imikorere ya porogaramu. Gahunda, programmes zirashobora gushyirwa mubice bitatu:
Intoki
Igishushanyo mbonera
Porogaramu rusange ya mudasobwa
(5) Amashanyarazi
Igice cyo gutanga amashanyarazi gihindura ingufu zo hanze (urugero, 220V AC) mumashanyarazi yimbere. Amashanyarazi ahujwe hanze yahinduwe mumashanyarazi akora asabwa numuyoboro wimbere wa PLC (urugero, DC 5V, ± 12V, 24V) unyuze mumashanyarazi yabugenewe ya voltage muri PLC. Itanga kandi amashanyarazi ya 24V DC kubikoresho byinjira hanze (urugero, guhinduranya hafi) (kubintu byinjira gusa). Amashanyarazi yo gutwara imizigo ya PLC atangwa na ...
(6) Ihuriro rya Periferique
Imigaragarire ya periferique ihuza intoki za porogaramu cyangwa izindi porogaramu zishushanyije, kwerekana inyandiko, kandi birashobora gukora umuyoboro wa PLC ukoresheje interineti. PLCs irashobora guhuza mudasobwa ukoresheje umugozi wa PC / PPI cyangwa ikarita ya MPI ukoresheje interineti RS-485, igafasha gahunda, gukurikirana, guhuza, nibindi bikorwa.
2. Ibikoresho bya software bya PLC
Porogaramu ya PLC igizwe na sisitemu na porogaramu y'abakoresha. Porogaramu ya sisitemu yateguwe kandi yanditswe nabakora PLC kandi ibikwa mububiko bwa sisitemu ya PLC. Abakoresha ntibashobora gusoma, kwandika, cyangwa kubahindura. Porogaramu ya sisitemu isanzwe ikubiyemo gahunda yo gusuzuma sisitemu, gahunda yo gutunganya ibyinjijwe, gahunda yo gukusanya, gahunda yo kohereza amakuru, na gahunda yo gukurikirana, n'ibindi.
U.porogaramu ya seriveri ikusanywa nabakoresha bakoresha indimi za porogaramu za PLC zishingiye kubisabwa kugenzura. Muri porogaramu za PLC, ikintu gikomeye cyane ni ugukoresha indimi za porogaramu za PLC kugirango wandike porogaramu zabakoresha kugirango ugere ku ntego zo kugenzura. Kubera ko PLC yatejwe imbere cyane cyane kugenzura inganda, abakoresha bambere ni abatekinisiye b'amashanyarazi. Kugirango uhuze akamenyero gakondo nubushobozi bwabo bwo kwiga, PLC ikoresha cyane cyane indimi zabigenewe zoroshye, zumvikana, kandi zishishikaje ugereranije nindimi za mudasobwa.
Imiterere yubuyobozi
Impinduka zisobanutse kandi zihoraho
Imiterere yoroshye ya gahunda
Porogaramu yoroshye yo gutangiza porogaramu
Ibikoresho Byongerewe Ibikoresho
3. Ihame ryibanze ryakazi rya PLC
Igikorwa cyo gusikana cya PLC kigabanijwemo cyane mubyiciro bitatu: kwinjiza icyitegererezo, gukoresha porogaramu y'abakoresha, no gusohora ibintu. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo: [Ishusho]
Iyinjiza Icyitegererezo
Mugihe cyo kwinjiza icyitegererezo, PLC ikurikirana ikurikiranye ibyinjijwe byose hamwe namakuru muburyo bwo kubisikana hanyuma ikabibika mubice bijyanye nigice cya I / O. Nyuma yo kwinjiza icyitegererezo kirangiye, inzira ikomeza kubakoresha gahunda yo gusohora no gusohora ibyiciro bigarura ubuyanja. Muri ibi byiciro byombi, niyo ibyinjira byinjira hamwe namakuru ahinduka, imiterere namakuru mubice bihuye nigice cya I / O ishusho ntizahinduka. Kubwibyo, niba ibyinjijwe ari ikimenyetso cya pulse, ubugari bwa pulse bugomba kuba burenze bumwe bwo gusikana kugirango tumenye neza ko ibyinjira bishobora gusomwa mubihe byose.
Umukoresha Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa
Mugihe cyumukoresha gahunda yo gukora, PLC ihora isuzuma gahunda yumukoresha (igishushanyo cyurwego) murwego rwo hejuru-hasi. Iyo gusikana buri gishushanyo cyurwego, kibanza gusikana uruziga rugenzurwa rwakozwe nabahuza kuruhande rwibumoso rwigishushanyo. Ibikorwa byumvikana bikorerwa kumurongo ugenzura ibumoso-iburyo, hejuru-hasi. Noneho, ukurikije ibisubizo byibikorwa byumvikana, imiterere ya biti ihuye na sisitemu yo kubika RAM RAM ya coil ya logique iravugururwa, cyangwa imiterere ya biti ijyanye mukarere ka shusho ya I / O kugirango igisohoka gisubirwemo imbaraga, cyangwa hamenyekanye niba washyira mubikorwa amabwiriza yihariye yimikorere yagaragajwe nigishushanyo cyurwego.
Nukuvuga ko, mugihe cyo gukora progaramu ya uyikoresha, gusa statuts hamwe namakuru yamakuru yinjiza mumwanya wa I / O ishusho ntagihinduka, mugihe statuts hamwe namakuru yibindi bisohoka hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye mugace ka I / O ishusho cyangwa ububiko bwa RAM RAM ishobora guhinduka. Igishushanyo cyurwego rushyizwe hejuru bizagira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gushushanya urwego rwo hasi rwerekana ibiceri cyangwa amakuru. Ibinyuranye, statuts zavuguruwe cyangwa amakuru ya coil yumvikana mubishushanyo byurwego rwo hasi bizagira ingaruka gusa ku gishushanyo cyo hejuru cyurwego murwego rukurikira rwo gusikana.
Ibisohoka bishya
Iyo umukoresha porogaramu scan irangiye, PLC yinjira mubisohoka bigarura ubuyanja. Muri iki cyiciro, CPU ivugurura ibyasohotse byose bisohoka ukurikije statuts hamwe namakuru muri kariya gace ka shusho ya I / O kandi igatwara impande zose zijyanye no gusohoka. Ibi birerekana umusaruro nyawo wa PLC.
Iyinjiza / Ibisohoka Lag Fenomenon
Kuva mubikorwa bya PLC, hashobora kuvamo imyanzuro ikurikira:
Porogaramu zikorwa muburyo bwo gusikana, bikavamo gutinda kurangwa mumibanire yumvikana hagati yinjiza nibisohoka. Umwanya muremure wo gusikana, niko bikomera cyane.
Usibye umwanya ukoreshwa mubyiciro bitatu byingenzi byakazi - kwinjiza icyitegererezo, gukoresha porogaramu ya porogaramu, no gusohora ibyagarutsweho - gusikana cycle nabyo bikubiyemo igihe cyakoreshejwe nibikorwa byo gucunga sisitemu. Igihe cyafashwe cyo gukora progaramu kijyanye nuburebure bwa porogaramu hamwe nuburemere bwibikorwa byamabwiriza, mugihe ibindi bintu bikomeza kuba bihoraho. Gusikana inzinguzingo mubisanzwe kuri gahunda ya milisegonda cyangwa microseconds.
Mugihe cya nth scan irangizwa, ibyinjijwe byashingiweho ni urugero rwagaciro X rwabonye mugihe cyicyitegererezo cyurwo ruziga. Ibisohoka Ibyatanzwe Y (n) bishingiye kubisohoka byombi agaciro Y (n-1) uhereye kuri scan yabanjirije hamwe nibisohoka agaciro Yn. Ikimenyetso cyoherejwe mubisohoka byerekana ibisubizo byanyuma Yn nyuma yo kubara byose byakozwe muriki cyiciro.
Iyinjiza / ibisohoka igisubizo ntikijyanye gusa nuburyo bwo gusikana ariko nanone bijyanye na gahunda yo gushushanya.