Kumenya ibi 35 bya inverter birashobora kuzamura ubuhanga bwawe kurwego rushimishije!
Kumenya ibi 35 bya inverter birashobora kuzamura ubuhanga bwawe kurwego rushimishije!
Ijambo VFD (Variable-frequency Drive) kuri inverter yerekana imikorere yayo yo kugenzura moteri ya AC muguhindura inshuro na amplitude yo gutanga amashanyarazi. Muri Aziya, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa no muri Koreya y'Epfo, ijambo VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Inverter) ryakoreshejwe kubera Ubuyapani. V.
Inkomoko y'amashanyarazi ishyirwa muri AC na DC. Imbaraga nyinshi za DC zikomoka kuri AC binyuze mu guhinduka, gukosora, no kuyungurura. Imbaraga za AC zigizwe na 95% byimikoreshereze yingufu zose, hamwe nicyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu ingufu za AC zikurikira voltage yihariye nubunini bwibihe mubihugu bitandukanye. Kurugero, mugihugu cyUbushinwa, icyiciro kimwe AC ni 220V naho ibyiciro bitatu AC ni 380V, byombi kuri 50Hz. Inverter ihindura voltage ihamye hamwe numurongo wa AC imbaraga mumashanyarazi ahindagurika cyangwa ingufu za AC. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gukosora AC kuri DC hanyuma igasubiza DC muri AC, hamwe nibikorwa byanyuma byiswe "inversion." Ibikoresho bihindura DC kumurongo uhoraho hamwe na voltage AC byitwa inverters, mugihe ibyemerera guhinduranya inshuro na voltage byerekanwa nka drives-variable drives.
Inverters isohoka yigana sine waves, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugucunga umuvuduko wibice bitatu bya moteri idahwitse, kandi bizwi kandi nkibihinduka-byihuta byihuta. Kuri porogaramu zisaba ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nk'ibikoresho byo kugerageza mu bikoresho, imiterere ya flaw yatunganijwe kugira ngo itange umusaruro usanzwe wa sine, kandi ibyo bikoresho byitwa amashanyarazi ahinduka. Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihinduka mubisanzwe inshuro 15 kugeza kuri 20 zihenze kuruta drives-variable. Ibice byingenzi bishinzwe kubyara voltage ihindagurika cyangwa inshuro nyinshi mubikoresho bya inverter ni "inverter", bityo ibicuruzwa byitwa "inverter." Inverters ikoreshwa kandi mubikoresho byo murugo, nka konderasi n'amatara ya fluorescent. Mubisabwa kugenzura moteri, inverter irashobora guhindura voltage ninshuro nyinshi, mugihe izikoreshwa mumatara ya fluorescent igenga cyane cyane amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho mumodoka ihindura ingufu za bateri (DC) kuri AC nayo igurishwa mwizina "inverter." Ihame ryakazi rya inverters rikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye, nkibikoresho bya mudasobwa, aho inverters ihagarika voltage ihindagurika, ihindagurika ryumurongo, hamwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi ako kanya.
Inverter ni iki?
Inverter nigikoresho gihindura imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro kurundi murongo ukoresheje ibikorwa byo guhinduranya ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Igizwe ninzitizi ebyiri zingenzi: umuzenguruko nyamukuru (module ikosora, capacitori ya electrolytike, na module ya inverter) hamwe numuzunguruko (guhinduranya amashanyarazi hamwe nubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko). CPU yashyizwe ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko, hamwe na software ikora ya inverter yateguwe muri CPU. Porogaramu ya moderi imwe ya inverter isanzwe ikosorwa muri rusange, usibye inverter ya Sanjing, software ishobora guhindurwa hashingiwe kubisabwa gukoreshwa.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PWM na PAM?
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) ihindura ubugari bwa pulses muri gari ya moshi ikurikije uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibyasohotse na flake. PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) ihindura amplitude ya pulses muri gari ya moshi kugirango igenzure ibisohoka na flake.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwa voltage nubwoko bwa inverters?
Inzira nyamukuru ya inverter irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bubiri: iniverisite yo mu bwoko bwa voltage ihindura inkomoko ya DC kuri AC ikoresheje capacitori yo kuyungurura amashanyarazi ya DC, mugihe ubwoko bwubu bwa inverteri ihindura isoko ya DC kuri AC ikoresheje inductors zo kuyungurura DC.
Kuki imbaraga za voltage ninshuro za inverter zihinduka ugereranije?
Umuvuduko wa moteri ya induction ikorwa nubusabane hagati ya magnetiki flux na rotor. Mugihe cyagenwe, niba voltage ihoraho kandi inshuro zigabanutse, flux ya magnetique irashobora kuba ikirenga, biganisha kumuzunguruko wa magneti kandi bishobora kwangirika kwa moteri. Kubwibyo, voltage na frequency bigomba guhinduka ukurikije. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu zabafana na pompe.
Iyo moteri ya induction itwarwa ningufu zingirakamaro zingufu hamwe na voltage igabanuka, ibyiyongera. Kuri moteri ikoreshwa na inverter, niba voltage igabanutse mugihe inshuro zigabanutse, ubu iriyongera?
Iyo inshuro zigabanutse (umuvuduko muke), ibyiyongera kugirango bigumane ingufu zimwe. Ariko, mugihe cyumuriro uhoraho, ikomeza kuguma ihagaze neza.
Nibihe bitangirana na torque mugihe ukoresha moteri hamwe na inverter?
Hamwe na inverter, nkuko moteri yihuta, inshuro na voltage byiyongera kimwe, bikagabanya gutangira kugeza munsi ya 150% yumuriro wagenwe (125% kugeza 200% bitewe nurugero). Kurubuga rwa interineti rutangirira kumurongo wimbaraga zingirakamaro mugutangira amashanyarazi inshuro esheshatu kugeza kuri zirindwi zagabanijwe, bigatera guhangayikishwa namashanyarazi. Moteri itwarwa na inverter itangira neza (hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gutangira), hamwe no gutangira amashanyarazi inshuro 1,2 kugeza kuri 1.5 yagabanijwe kandi ugatangira umuriro kuri 70% kugeza 120% byumuriro. Kuri inverter hamwe na moteri yumuriro itangiza, gutangira torque irenga 100%, ituma imitwaro yuzuye itangira.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwa V / f?
Iyo inshuro zigabanutse, voltage V nayo igabanuka ugereranije. Umubano ugereranije hagati ya V na f ugenwa hashingiwe kubiranga moteri kandi mubisanzwe ubikwa mububiko bwumugenzuzi (ROM). Ibintu byinshi biranga bishobora gutoranywa hifashishijwe sisitemu cyangwa potentiometero.
Nigute moteri ya moteri ihinduka mugihe V na f bihinduwe bikwiranye?
Niba voltage yagabanutse ugereranije numurongo, impengamiro yo kugabanuka kumuvuduko muke ituruka kuberako kugabanuka kwa AC hamwe no kurwanya DC idahindutse. Kugirango wishyure kandi ugere kumurongo uhagije wo gutangira kuri frequency nkeya, ibisohoka voltage igomba kwiyongera gato. Izi ndishyi, zizwi nka kuzamura umuriro, zishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, harimo guhinduranya byikora, guhitamo uburyo bwa V / f, cyangwa igenamiterere rya potentiometero.
Niba imfashanyigisho igaragaza umuvuduko wa 60 ~ 6Hz (10: 1), ibi bivuze ko nta mashanyarazi ari munsi ya 6Hz?
Imbaraga zirashobora gusohoka munsi ya 6Hz. Nyamara, urebye ubushyuhe bwa moteri bwiyongera no gutangira umuriro, inshuro ntarengwa yo gukora yashyizweho hafi 6Hz kugirango wirinde gushyuha cyane mugihe ukomeje gusohora umuriro. Ibisohoka nyabyo (gutangira inshuro) ya inverter iratandukanye nicyitegererezo, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 0.5Hz kugeza 3Hz.
Birashoboka kugumana itara rihoraho hamwe na moteri isanzwe ihuza 60Hz?
Muri rusange, ntibishoboka. Hejuru ya 60Hz (cyangwa 50Hz muburyo bumwe), voltage ikomeza guhoraho, bikavamo imbaraga zihoraho ziranga imbaraga. Iyo itara rihoraho risabwa kumuvuduko mwinshi, guhitamo neza ubushobozi bwa moteri na inverter ni ngombwa.
Igenzura rifunguye ni iki?
Iyo icyuma cyihuta (PG) gishyizwe kuri moteri kandi umuvuduko nyawo ugarurwa mugikoresho cyo kugenzura kugirango ugenzurwe, byitwa "gufunga-gufunga" kugenzura. Imikorere idafite ibitekerezo bya PG yitwa "gufungura-gufungura" kugenzura. Rusange-intego-inverters mubisanzwe ikoresha gufungura-kugenzura, nubwo moderi zimwe zitanga ibitekerezo bya PG nkuburyo bwo guhitamo. Umuvuduko wihuta udafunze-ugenzura igereranya umuvuduko wa moteri ushingiye ku mibare yimibare ya flux, ikora neza sisitemu yo gufunga-gufunga hamwe na sensor yihuta.
Bigenda bite iyo habaye itandukaniro hagati yumuvuduko nyawo washyizweho?
Mugenzuzi ufunguye, nubwo inverter isohora inshuro zashyizweho, umuvuduko wa moteri urashobora gutandukana murwego rwo kunyerera (1% kugeza 5%) munsi yumutwaro. Kubisabwa bisaba umuvuduko mwinshi kugenzura neza no hafi-gushiraho-kwihuta gukora nubwo impinduka zumutwaro, inverter hamwe nibitekerezo bya PG (biboneka nkuburyo bwo guhitamo) birashobora gukoreshwa.
Ese umuvuduko wihuse ushobora kunozwa ukoresheje moteri ifite ibitekerezo bya PG?
Inverters hamwe nibitekerezo bya PG bitanga umuvuduko wihuse. Nyamara, umuvuduko nyawo wukuri uterwa nubusobanuro bwa PG hamwe nibisubizo bya inverter bisohoka.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kurwanya ibicuruzwa?
Niba igihe cyo kwihuta cyashyizweho ari kigufi cyane, inverter isohoka inshuro zishobora guhinduka cyane kurenza umuvuduko wa moteri (amashanyarazi angana na mashanyarazi), bigatera kurenza urugero no gukandagira inverter, ihagarika imikorere. Ibi bivugwa nko guhagarara. Kugirango wirinde guhagarara no gukomeza imikorere ya moteri, inverter ikurikirana ikigezweho kandi igahindura inshuro. Mugihe cyo kwihuta, niba ikigezweho kirenze urugero, umuvuduko wo kugabanuka uragabanuka. Ni nako bigenda no kwihuta. Hamwe na hamwe, ubwo buryo bugizwe nibikorwa byo kurwanya guhagarara.
Nibihe bisobanuro bya inverters yemerera igenamigambi ritandukanye ryihuta nigihe cyo kwihutaabakoresha imiterere rusange?
Inverters yemerera kwihuta no kwihuta kugenamiterere birakwiriye kubisabwa bisaba kwihuta kugufi no kwihuta gahoro, cyangwa kubikoresho bito byimashini bifite umusaruro ushimishije. Ibinyuranyo, kubisabwa nka drives yabafana aho kwihuta nigihe cyo kwihuta byombi birebire, igenamiterere rusange ryihuta nigihe cyo kwihuta birakwiye.
Feri isubirana iki?
Iyo command frequency yagabanutse mugihe cya moteri, moteri ihinduka muburyo bwa generator ya asinchronous kandi ikora nka feri. Iyi nzira izwi nka feri yubaka (amashanyarazi).
Imbaraga nini zo gufata feri zirashobora kugerwaho?
Ingufu zivuye muri moteri zibikwa muri capacitor ya inverter. Bitewe nubushobozi bwa capacitori hamwe nubushobozi bwa voltage igarukira, imbaraga zo gufata feri zisubirwamo muri rusange-intego ihindagurika ni hafi 10% kugeza kuri 20% yumuriro wagenwe. Hamwe na feri itabishaka, ibi birashobora kwiyongera kugeza 50% kugeza 100%.
Nibihe bikorwa byo kurinda inverter?
Imikorere yo gukingira irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bikurikira:
(1) Gukosora mu buryo bwikora ibintu bidasanzwe, nko gukumira ibicuruzwa bikabije ndetse no gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.
. Ingero zirimo kuzimya birenze urugero, guhagarika amashanyarazi arenze urugero, gukonjesha gukonjesha gukonjesha umuyaga ukabije, no kurinda amashanyarazi ako kanya.
Ni ukubera iki imikorere yo gukingira inverter ikora mugihe ukoresheje clutch kumitwaro ikomeza?
Iyo clutch ihuza umutwaro, moteri ihinduka byihuse kuva nta mutwaro ujya mukarere kanyerera. Ibivuye hejuru cyane bitera inverter gukora urugendo kubera kurenza urugero, guhagarika ibikorwa.
Kuki inverter ihagarara mugihe ikora mugihe moteri nini zitangirira mukigo kimwe?
Mugihe cyo gutangira moteri, inrush ijyanye nubushobozi bwa moteri, bigatuma voltage igabanuka kuruhande rwa stator. Kuri moteri nini, iri gabanuka rya voltage rishobora kugira ingaruka cyane kubindi bikoresho bihujwe na transformateur imwe. Inverter irashobora gusobanura nabi ibi nka volvoltage cyangwa gutakaza imbaraga mukanya, bigatera imikorere yayo yo kurinda (IPE) bikayitera guhagarara.
Gukemura inverter niki kandi kuki ari ngombwa?
Kuri inverteri igenzurwa na digitale, kabone niyo itegeko rya frequence ari ikimenyetso gisa, ibisohoka bitangwa muburyo butandukanye. Igice gito muri izi ntambwe cyitwa inverter resolution. Mubisanzwe, imiterere ya inverter iri hagati ya 0.015Hz kugeza 0.5Hz. Kurugero, hamwe na 0.5Hz ikemurwa, imirongo iri hejuru ya 23Hz irashobora guhindurwa kuri 23.5Hz cyangwa 24.0Hz, bikaviramo gukora moteri. Ibi birashobora kuba ikibazo kubisabwa nko gukomeza guhinduranya. Mu bihe nk'ibi, imyanzuro igera kuri 0.015Hz yemeza ko kuri moteri ya pole enye, buri ntambwe ihuye na munsi ya 1r / min, itanga imiterere ihagije. Moderi zimwe za inverter zitandukanya ibyemezo byakemuwe nibisohoka.
Haba hari imbogamizi ku cyerekezo cyo kwishyiriraho inverter?
Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana gukonjesha ibice byimbere ninyuma. Icyerekezo cyigice ningirakamaro muguhumeka. Kuri panne-yashizwe cyangwa urukuta-rwubatswe-ubwoko bwa inverters, guhagarikwa guhagaritse mumwanya muremure birasabwa.
Birashoboka guhuza mu buryo butaziguye moteri na inverteri ihamye-idakoresheje intangiriro yoroshye?
Mugihe gito cyane, ibi birashoboka. Ariko, niba umurongo washyizweho ari muremure, ibintu bisa kumurongo utaziguye utangirana nimbaraga zingirakamaro. Ibi birashobora kuvamo imbaraga zikabije zo gutangira (inshuro esheshatu kugeza kuri zirindwi zagabanijwe), kandi kubera ko inverter izagenda kugirango irinde ibintu birenze urugero, moteri izananirwa gutangira.
Ni izihe ngamba zigomba gufatwa mugihe ukoresha moteri iri hejuru ya 60Hz?
Mugihe ukora hejuru ya 60Hz, tekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:
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(3) Kubyara ubuzima birashobora kugira ingaruka kandi bigomba gusuzumwa neza.
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Inverters irashobora gutwara moteri ya moteri?
Ukurikije imiterere yo kugabanya nuburyo bwo gusiga, ibitekerezo byinshi birakurikizwa. Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho by ibikoresho birashobora kwihanganira ntarengwa 70 ~ 80Hz. Hamwe no gusiga amavuta, gukomeza gukora umuvuduko muke birashobora kwangiza ibikoresho.
Inverters irashobora gutwara moteri yicyiciro kimwe? Bashobora gukora ku cyiciro kimwe?
Muri rusange, ntibishoboka. Kuri moteri yicyiciro kimwe hamwe nubugenzuzi bwihuse cyangwa uburyo bwo guhinduranya-gutangira, kugabanya umuvuduko uri munsi yikibanza birashobora gushyushya umuyaga wungirije. Kubushobozi bwa capacitor-tangira cyangwa capacitor-ikoresha ubwoko, capacitor iturika irashobora kubaho. Inverters mubisanzwe isaba ibyiciro bitatu byamashanyarazi, nubwo moderi ntoya ishobora gukora kumashanyarazi yicyiciro kimwe.
Inverter ikoresha imbaraga zingahe?
Gukoresha ingufu biterwa na moderi ya inverter, imiterere yimikorere, ninshuro zikoreshwa. Biragoye kwerekana indangagaciro nyazo. Nyamara, imikorere inverter iri munsi ya 60Hz igera kuri 94% kugeza kuri 96%, ishobora gukoreshwa mukugereranya igihombo. Kuri inverter zifite feri yubaka (urugero, urukurikirane rwa FR-K), urebye igihombo cya feri cyongera ingufu zamashanyarazi, ikintu ugomba kwitondera mugushushanya.
Kuki ibikorwa bidashobora kubaho bibaho murwego rwa 6 ~ 60Hz?
Moteri nyinshi zikoresha abafana bo hanze kuri shaft cyangwa blade kumpera ya rotor kugirango bakonje. Kugabanya umuvuduko bigabanya ubukonje bukonje, bikabuza moteri kwihanganira kubyara ubushyuhe bumwe nkumuvuduko mwinshi. Kugira ngo ukemure iki kibazo, gabanya umuvuduko mwinshi wumutwaro, koresha ubushobozi bunini bwa inverter hamwe na moteri, cyangwa ukoreshe moteri kabuhariwe.
Ni izihe ngamba zigomba gufatwa mugihe ukoresheje moteri ifite feri?
Inzira yo gushimisha feri igomba gukoreshwa kuva inverter yinjira. Niba feri ikora mugihe inverter isohora ingufu, kurenza urugero bishobora gutera ihagarikwa. Noneho rero, menya neza ko feri ikora nyuma yuko inverter ihagaritse gusohora ingufu.
Kuki moteri itazatangira mugihe ukoresheje inverter kugirango utware moteri ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ibintu?
Imiyoboro ihindagurika itembera mumashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi yishyurwa arashobora gukurura ibintu byinshi (OCT) muri inverter, bikabuza gutangira. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, kura capacator hanyuma ukoreshe moteri. Kugirango uzamure imbaraga, gushiraho AC reaktor kumurongo winjiza ni byiza.
Ubuzima bwa inverter ni ubuhe?
Nubwo inverter ari ibikoresho bihamye, birimo ibice bikoreshwa nka filteri ya capacator hamwe nabafana bakonje. Hamwe no kubungabunga buri gihe ibyo bice, inverter irashobora kumara imyaka icumi.
Nigute umufana ukonje yerekanwe muri inverter, kandi bigenda bite iyo binaniwe?
Ubushobozi buke buto inverters ibura abafana bakonje. Kuri moderi hamwe nabafana, umwuka mubi mubisanzwe kuva hasi kugeza hejuru. Mugihe ushyira inverter, irinde gushyira ibikoresho bibuza gufata umwuka hamwe numuriro hejuru no munsi yikigice. Ntugashyire ibice byumva ubushyuhe hejuru ya inverter. Kunanirwa kwabafana birinzwe mukumenya guhagarara kwabafana cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije bwumufana ukonje.
Nigute ushobora kubaho igihe cya filteri yubushakashatsi?
Kurungurura ubushobozi, bukoreshwa nka capacator, buhoro buhoro gutakaza ubushobozi bwa electrostatike mugihe. Gupima buri gihe ubushobozi bwa electrostatike, hanyuma urebe igihe ubuzima bwa capacitori bwarangiye iyo bugeze kuri 85% yubushobozi bwagenwe.
Haba hari imbogamizi ku cyerekezo cyo kwishyiriraho inverter?
Inverter zisanzwe zubatswe mubice. Nyamara, ibifunga byuzuye byuzuye ni byinshi, bitwara umwanya, kandi bihenze. Ingamba zoroheje zirimo:
(1) Gutegura imbaho zo gukonjesha ibikoresho bikenewe.
(2) Kongera ahantu hakonje ukoresheje ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, ibyuma, hamwe nubukonje.
(3) Gukoresha imiyoboro yubushyuhe.
Byongeye kandi, moderi ya inverter ifite impande zinyuma zerekanwe.
Nigute ubushobozi bwa inverter bwakagombye gutoranywa kugirango umuvuduko wumukandara ugera kuri 80Hz?
Gukoresha ingufu z'umukandara wa convoyeur biragereranijwe n'umuvuduko. Gukora kuri 80Hz, byombi inverter nimbaraga za moteri bigomba kongerwa ugereranije na 80Hz / 50Hz, ni ukuvuga kwiyongera kwa 60%.
Icyitonderwa mugihe cyo kubungabunga no kugenzura:
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(2) Kubungabunga, kugenzura, no gusimbuza ibice bigomba gukorwa nabakozi babishoboye. Kuraho ibintu byose byuma (amasaha, ibikomo, nibindi) mbere yo gutangira akazi kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho byabigenewe.
(3) Ntugahindure inverter uko wishakiye kugirango wirinde guhungabana kwamashanyarazi no kwangiza ibicuruzwa.
(4) Mbere yo gukorera inverter, menyesha voltage yinjiza. Guhuza amashanyarazi 380V kuri inverter yo mu rwego rwa 220V birashobora kwangiza (capacitor, varistor, module iturika, nibindi).
Inverters, igizwe cyane cyane nibintu bya semiconductor, bisaba kugenzurwa burimunsi kugirango wirinde ibidukikije bikora, nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umukungugu, hamwe no kunyeganyega, no gukumira amakosa akomoka kubuzima buke.
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura:
(1) Igenzura rya buri munsi: Kugenzura niba inverter ikora nkuko bisabwa. Koresha voltmeter kugirango urebe ibyinjira nibisohoka voltage mugihe inverter ikora.
(2) Igenzura ryigihe: Suzuma uturere twose dushobora kugerwaho gusa mugihe inverter ifunze.
(3) Gusimbuza ibice: Igihe cyibigize ubuzima cyatewe cyane nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho.