Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi: Amabwiriza yo kugenzura inganda, ibikoresho n'amabwiriza yo gupima
Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi: Amabwiriza yo kugenzura inganda, ibikoresho n'amabwiriza yo gupima
Kugenzura Inganda
Gufunga - Igenzura
Igitekerezo cyibanze muburyo bwo kugenzura, gifunze - kugenzura kugenzura gutandukana no gufungura - kugenzura kugaburira ibyagenzuwe bigaruka kumpera yanyuma kugirango bigenzure. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo butuma ibyasohotse bisubira mubyinjira binyuze "kumurongo wuruhande," bituma ibyinjira bigenzura ibisohoka. Intego yibanze yo gufunga - kugenzura ni ukugera kubitekerezo - amabwiriza ashingiye.
I / O Ingingo
Ijambo rikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, I / O amanota yerekeza kwinjiza / Ibisohoka. Iyinjiza ni ibipimo byo gupima biva mubikoresho byinjira muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, mugihe ibisubizo ari ibipimo byo kugenzura byoherejwe kuva muri sisitemu kubakoresha. Igipimo cya sisitemu yo kugenzura akenshi isobanurwa numubare ntarengwa wa I / O amanota ashobora kwakira.
Kugereranya no Guhindura Ingano
Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, ibipimo birashobora kugereranywa cyangwa guhinduranya ingano. Ingano igereranya ihora itandukanya indangagaciro murwego runaka, nkubushyuhe cyangwa umuvuduko. Guhindura ingano, icyakora, ifite leta ebyiri gusa, nka on / off leta ya switch cyangwa relay.
Kugenzura
Kugereranya kugereranya, umugenzuzi ahindura ibisohoka ashingiye kubyinjijwe akoresheje amategeko yihariye na algorithms, akora igenzura. Igenzura rishobora gufungura - cyangwa gufunga - kuzenguruka. Gufunga - kugenzura kugenzura, cyangwa kugenzura ibitekerezo, nubwoko busanzwe, aho ibisohoka bigaburirwa gusubira mubyinjira kugirango ugereranye nagaciro kashyizweho.
Babiri - Kugenzura Umwanya
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, bizwi kandi kugenzura kugenzura. Bitera ikimenyetso cyo guhinduranya mugihe agaciro gapimwe kageze kuri ntarengwa cyangwa ntarengwa. Nubwo agaciro gapimwe gashobora kugereranywa, igenzura risohoka ni digital. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda zinganda no guhinduranya urwego.
Kugenzura Ingano
Umugenzuzi asohoka aringaniza no gutandukanya agaciro gapimwe nigiciro cyagenwe cyangwa ingingo yerekanwe. Igenzura riringaniye ritanga amabwiriza yoroshye kuruta abiri - kugenzura imyanya no gukuraho ibibazo bihindagurika bifitanye isano na bibiri - kugenzura imyanya.
Igenzura ryuzuye
Mugenzuzi wuzuye, impinduka mugenzuzi ihindagurika ifitanye isano nigihe bifata kugirango sisitemu yo kugenzura ibe nziza. Ibikorwa bya Acuator bigenda buhoro buhoro bigera ku gaciro kashyizweho. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe.
Igenzura rikomoka
Igenzura rikomoka mubisanzwe rikoreshwa muguhuza kugenzura no kugereranya. Iremera sisitemu yo kugenzura gusubiza vuba vuba, ikumira sisitemu itinda. Hamwe nubugenzuzi buringaniye kandi bwuzuye, bufasha guhinduka kugenzurwa kugera kumurongo uhamye byihuse nta guhungabana.
Igenzura rya PID
Ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye bya sisitemu yo kugenzura, uburyo bwo kugenzura bushobora kuba P (Igereranya), PI (Igereranya - Igizwe), PD (Igereranya - Ibikomoka), cyangwa PID (Igereranya - Igizwe - Igizwe - Derivative). Igenzura rya PID nuburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
Gutinda kugenzura
* Bikunze gukoreshwa muguhindura porogaramu igenzura, gutinda kugenzura bizana gutinda hagati yimpinduka ya leta ihinduka nigikorwa cyo kugenzura ibikorwa. Kurugero, mumirongo yumusaruro, guhinduranya hafi bisaba gutinda kumasegonda menshi mbere yuko uruziga rukurikira rutangira gukora nyuma yakazi kashyizwe.
Igenzura
* Bikunze gukoreshwa muguhindura kugenzura ibintu, kugenzura guhuza gushiraho umubano hagati yabahindura. Kurugero, hindura C irashobora gukora gusa mugihe abahindura A na B bombi bafunguye, cyangwa C igomba gufungura mugihe switch A ifunguye. Igenzura rihuza ibisanzwe mumutekano - porogaramu zikomeye, nka valve ya vent muri reaction, igomba guhita ifungura mugihe igitutu kigeze kurwego runaka.
Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi
* Yerekeza kugenzura sisitemu aho ibisohoka bigerwaho hifashishijwe amashanyarazi cyangwa ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike, ugamije ibice bitwarwa n amashanyarazi nka relay, solenoid valve, hamwe nabashoferi ba servo. Sisitemu nyinshi zo kugenzura zikoresha ibintu bigenzura amashanyarazi.
Igenzura rya Hydraulic
* Sisitemu yo kugenzura Hydraulic ikoreshwa mubikorwa byimashini nibikoresho, cyane cyane mubikorwa bikomeza kugenzura umuvuduko. Igenzura rya Hydraulic rikunze guhuzwa no kugenzura amashanyarazi kugirango bikore neza kandi neza neza - amashanyarazi ya hydraulic.
Kurwanya umusonga
* Sisitemu yo kugenzura pneumatike ikoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye. Bakoresha umwuka wifunitse nkisoko yimbaraga zo kohereza ibimenyetso cyangwa ibikorwa. Umwuka ucanye ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda bitewe nuko uhari, isuku, umutekano, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura, bigatuma ibikoresho bya pneumatike bikunze kugaragara mumirongo myinshi itanga umusaruro.
Interpolation
* Interpolation nuburyo bukoreshwa nigikoresho cyimashini sisitemu ya CNC igena inzira yigikoresho ukoresheje uburyo bwihariye. Harimo kubara ingingo hagati hagati yamakuru azwi kumurongo, bizwi kandi nka "data point densification." Sisitemu ya CNC itanga inzira ikenewe muguhuza amakuru hagati yintangiriro nimpera yicyiciro cya porogaramu.
Umwanya, Umuvuduko, na Ibizunguruka
* Igitekerezo cya loop gikubiyemo gukoresha ibitekerezo kugirango uzamure ituze n'imikorere ya sisitemu yo gusaba.
* Kugenzura ibizunguruka bigamije kugenzura ingufu za voltage ukoresheje uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso kugirango wishyure igihombo, ibitonyanga bya voltage, n urusaku mugihe cyohereza amashanyarazi.
* Isano iri hagati yumuvuduko numwanya ishingiye kuri formula: intera = umuvuduko × igihe. Guhinduranya kwihuta kwumuvuduko mugihe cyintera bivamo guhuza umuvuduko kurenza iyo ntera, bihuye nintera yagenze (umwanya).
* Isano iri hagati yumuvuduko nubu igaragazwa na: umuvuduko = kwihuta × igihe. Kwihuta biterwa nubu bukoreshwa, kandi intangiriro yo kwihuta mugihe runaka itanga umuvuduko mukanya.
* Muburyo bwo kugenzura torque, moteri ya servo izunguruka kumurongo washyizweho mugukomeza guhora biva mumuzingo uriho. Niba umutwaro wo hanze ungana cyangwa urenze moteri yashyizweho na moteri, moteri ya moteri ikomeza guhoraho, kandi moteri ikurikira kugenda. Ku rundi ruhande, niba umutwaro wo hanze utari munsi ya moteri yashyizweho na moteri, moteri ikomeza kwihuta kugeza igeze ku muvuduko ntarengwa wemewe wa moteri cyangwa ikinyabiziga, icyo gihe impuruza iratangira kandi moteri irahagarara.
* Muburyo bwihuta, umuvuduko wa moteri washyizweho, kandi ibitekerezo byihuta biva kuri kodegisi ya moteri ikora sisitemu ifunze - loop yo kugenzura. Ikigamijwe ni ukureba ko umuvuduko nyawo wa servo moteri ihuye n'umuvuduko washyizweho.
* Igenzura risohoka ryumuvuduko wihuta ikora nka torque - uburyo bugezweho - loop torque set point. Muburyo bwo kugenzura imyanya, umwanya uhagaze utangwa na mudasobwa yakiriye hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana umwanya uva kuri kodegisi ya moteri cyangwa ibitekerezo byo gupima imyanya iturutse mubikoresho bigereranwa no gukora ikibanza. Ibi byemeza ko moteri ya servo yimuka kumwanya washyizweho. Ibisohoka byumwanya uzunguruka bigaburirwa mumuvuduko wihuta nkumuvuduko - icyerekezo. Rero, torque - uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoresha ikigezweho - kugenzura loop nkurwego rwibanze. Umuvuduko - igenzura ryubatswe ryubatswe kurubu - kugenzura, hamwe nu mwanya - kugenzura umugozi wubatswe ku muvuduko - hamwe nubu - kugenzura.
Amabwiriza yo gupima no gupima
Urwego
Intera ikomeza yumubare wasobanuwe nimbibi zo hejuru.
Urwego
Urutonde rwibipimo byapimwe igikoresho gishobora kugera kubwukuri.
Gupima Urwego Ruto ntarengwa: Agaciro ntarengwa gapimwe igikoresho gishobora kugera kubwukuri.
Gupima Urwego rwo hejuru: Igipimo ntarengwa cyapimwe igikoresho gishobora kugera kubwukuri.
Umwanya
Itandukaniro rya algebraic hagati yurugero rwo hejuru nu munsi rwurwego. Kurugero, niba intera iri kuri -20 ° C kugeza 100 ° C, intera ni 120 ° C.
Ibiranga imikorere
Ibipimo bisobanura imikorere nubushobozi bwigikoresho nimvugo yabyo.
Ibikorwa Byerekana Ibiranga: Imikorere iranga yagezweho mugihe gikoreshwa.
Umunzani
Igipimo aho intera iri hagati yo kugabana ibipimo nagaciro kagereranijwe bifite isano ihoraho.
Igipimo kidafite umurongo
Igipimo aho intera iri hagati yo kugabana ibipimo nagaciro kagereranijwe bifite isano idahoraho.
Guhagarikwa - Igipimo cya Zeru
Igipimo aho igipimo cyurwego kitarimo igipimo cyagaciro kijyanye na zeru yumubare wapimwe.
Umunzani wagutse
Igipimo aho igice kitagereranywa cyuburebure buringaniye nigice cyagutse cyurwego.
Igipimo
Urutonde rwibipimo byateganijwe hamwe nimibare ifitanye isano igize igikoresho cyerekana.
Urwego
* Urutonde rwasobanuwe nintangiriro nimpera yindangagaciro.
Ikimenyetso
* Ikimenyetso ku gikoresho cyerekana gihuye nimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye byapimwe.
Ikimenyetso cya Zeru
* Ikimenyetso cyangwa umunzani ku gipimo gihwanye na zeru agaciro k'ibipimo byapimwe.
Igabana rinini
* Igice cyumunzani hagati yikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose cyegeranye.
Agaciro Kugabana Agaciro
* Itandukaniro riri hagati yagaciro yapimwe ihuye nibimenyetso bibiri byegeranye.
Umwanya wo Kugabana Umwanya
* Intera iri hagati yumurongo wo hagati wibice bibiri byegeranye byerekana uburebure.
Uburebure
* Uburebure bwumurongo igice, cyaba nyacyo cyangwa gitekereza, kinyura hagati yibice byose bigufi byerekana ibipimo hagati yintangiriro nimpera yanyuma.
Igipimo cyo Gutangira Agaciro
* Agaciro gapimwe gahuye nikimenyetso cyo gutangira.
Igipimo cyanyuma
* Agaciro gapimwe gahuye nikimenyetso cyanyuma.
Umubare Umubare
* Igiteranyo cyimibare ku gipimo gihuye nagaciro gapimwe gasobanurwa nu bipimo byerekana cyangwa byerekana urutonde rwibipimo.
Zeru igikoresho cyo gupima
* Kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye igikoresho cyo gupima iyo ingufu zose zifasha zisabwa mu mikorere yazo zikoreshwa kandi agaciro gapimwe ni zeru.
* Mugihe aho igikoresho cyo gupima gikoresha imbaraga zifasha, iri jambo bakunze kwita "amashanyarazi ya zeru."
* Iyo igikoresho kidakora kubera ko nta mbaraga zifasha, ijambo "zero zero" rikoreshwa kenshi.
Igikoresho gihoraho
* Coefficient yerekana uburyo butaziguye igikoresho cyo gupima igomba kugwizwa kugirango ibone agaciro gapimwe.
Ikiranga umurongo
* Umurongo werekana isano iri hagati yimikorere ihamye - leta isohora agaciro k'igikoresho hamwe numubare winjiza, hamwe nibindi byose byinjijwe bikomeza kugiciro cyagenwe gihoraho.
Kugaragaza Ibiranga umurongo
* Umurongo werekana isano ikora hagati ihamye - leta isohora agaciro k'igikoresho hamwe numubare winjiza mubihe byagenwe.
Guhindura
* Ibikorwa byakozwe kugirango igikoresho gikore neza kandi gikureho gutandukana kugirango ukoreshwe neza.
* ** Guhindura Abakoresha **: Ibyahinduwe byemewe gukorwa numukoresha.
Calibration
* Igikorwa cyo gushiraho, mubihe byagenwe, isano iri hagati yagaciro kerekanwa nigikoresho cyo gupima cyangwa sisitemu hamwe nagaciro kajyanye numubare wapimwe.
Guhinduranya
* Umurongo werekana isano iri hagati yubunini bwapimwe nagaciro kagereranijwe nigikoresho mugihe cyagenwe.
Ukuzenguruka
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Imbonerahamwe
* Imbonerahamwe yerekana kalibrasi.
Gukurikirana
* Umutungo wibisubizo byapimwe bishobora kuba bifitanye isano nibipimo bikwiye (mubisanzwe amahame mpuzamahanga cyangwa igihugu) binyuze mumurongo utavunitse wo kugereranya.
Ibyiyumvo
* Igipimo cyimpinduka mubisohoka mubikoresho hamwe nimpinduka ijyanye numubare winjiza.
Ukuri
* Urwego rwo guhuzagurika hagati yerekana igikoresho nigiciro nyacyo cyumubare wapimwe.
Icyiciro Cyukuri
* Gutondekanya ibikoresho ukurikije ukuri kwabyo.
Imipaka yamakosa
* Ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ryigikoresho nkuko byagenwe nubuziranenge cyangwa tekiniki.
Ikosa ryibanze
* Ikosa ryigikoresho mubihe bisabwa.
Guhuza
* Urwego rwo guhuzagurika hagati yumurongo usanzwe nu murongo wihariye uranga umurongo (nkumurongo ugororotse, umurongo wa logarithmic, umurongo wa parabolike, nibindi).