Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi yubuhanga
Igenzura ry'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi yubuhanga
Imbaraga zifatika
Mu gisekuru, guhererekanya, no gukoresha ingufu za AC, igice cyingufu zahinduwe muburyo bwa electromagnetique cyitwa imbaraga zikora.
Imbaraga zifatika
Mu gisekuru, guhererekanya, no gukoresha ingufu za AC, igice cyingufu zigira uruhare muguhana amashanyarazi ya electronique mumuzunguruko byitwa imbaraga zidasanzwe.
Sisitemu y'ingufu
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igizwe na generator, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza, intambwe - hejuru n'intambwe - hasi munsi, imirongo y'amashanyarazi, hamwe n’abakoresha amashanyarazi.
Gusimbuza Ingingo
Mubice bitatu - byumuzunguruko, niba ingufu za voltage zingana kandi imitwaro itatu yicyiciro iringaniye, voltage ya neutre itabogamye ni zeru utitaye ko hariho umurongo utabogamye. Ariko, niba ibintu bitatu - icyiciro cyumutwaro kidafite imiterere kandi nta murongo utabogamye cyangwa umurongo utabogamye ufite akamaro, voltage izagaragara kumwanya utabogamye. Iki kintu kizwi nkicyerekezo kidafite aho kibogamiye.
Kurenza urugero
Umuvuduko wigihe gito watewe numuzunguruko - ibikorwa byo kumena cyangwa bigufi - umuzenguruko nubutaka - imiterere yikosa ivugwa nkibikorwa birenze urugero.
Kurenza urugero
Umuvuduko wiyongera biturutse kumiterere ya resonant mumbaraga - sisitemu ya sisitemu bitewe numuzunguruko - ibikorwa byo kumena cyangwa kuzuza ibyuma - ibice byingenzi byitwa resonant overvoltage.
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Mu mashanyarazi, insimburangingo, hamwe na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, imiyoboro nyamukuru y’amashanyarazi yerekeza ku muyoboro mwinshi - w’umuriro wa voltage usobanura guhuza ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi kugira ngo byuzuze ingufu - kohereza no gukenera ibisabwa.
Kabiri - Guhuza Busbar
Iboneza biranga ibice bibiri bya busbars: busbar ikora (I) hamwe na busbar ihagaze (II). Buri muzunguruko uhujwe na bisi zombi zinyuze kumuzunguruko hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwo gutandukanya ibintu, hamwe na bisi zahujwe na bisi - karuvati.
Imwe - na - a - Igice - Kumena Kumena
Muri iyi miterere, buri jambo ryibintu (imirongo isohoka cyangwa amasoko yingufu) ihujwe na bisi ebyiri zinyuze kumashanyarazi atatu, ikora "imwe - na - igice - icya kabiri", izwi kandi nka 3/2 ihuza.
Gukoresha Inganda
* Mugihe cyo gutangira, gukora, guhagarika, no gufata neza urugomero rwamashanyarazi, umubare munini wibikoresho byamashanyarazi, cyane cyane imashini zikoreshwa na moteri, birasabwa kugirango imikorere isanzwe y’ibikoresho bikuru by’uruganda hamwe na sisitemu zifasha nko gutunganya amakara, kumenagura amakara, kuvanaho ivu, gukusanya ivumbi, no gutunganya amazi. Ibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa mugukora ibihingwa, kugenzura, kugerageza, kubungabunga, no kumurika bigwa kumashanyarazi.
Igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu zinganda
* Ijanisha ry'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu nganda z'amashanyarazi ugereranije n'amashanyarazi yose yatanzwe n’uruganda yitwa igipimo cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu ruganda, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’ubukungu cyerekana imikorere y’amashanyarazi.
Umutwaro uhoraho
* Moteri ikora ubudahwema burimunsi.
Umuzigo uhoraho
* Imizigo ikoreshwa gusa mugihe cyo kubungabunga, impanuka, cyangwa mugihe cyo gutangira no guhagarika imashini na boiler.
Umutwaro uhoraho
* Imizigo ikora amasaha arenze 2 icyarimwe.
Igihe gito - Umuzigo
* Imizigo ikora muminota 10 kugeza 120 icyarimwe.
Umutwaro w'amagare
* Imizigo izunguruka inshuro nyinshi mugihe kitarenze iminota 10.
Kwigenga - Ongera utangire moteri
* Mugihe habaye impanuka itunguranye ya voltage cyangwa ibura kuri bisi itanga sisitemu yingufu zuruganda, niba ingufu za busbar zisubira mubisanzwe mugihe gito (mubisanzwe amasegonda 0.5 kugeza 1.5) mugihe umuvuduko wa moteri utagabanutse cyane cyangwa ngo uhagarare, moteri izikora - yihuta kandi ikomeze gukora bisanzwe. Iyi nzira yitwa kwikorera - ongera utangire moteri.
Gutakaza Ibyishimo
* Ikintu aho generator ikora kimwe cyangwa igatakaza burundu kwishima byitwa gutakaza umunezero.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyishimo
* Sisitemu yose igizwe nubushakashatsi bushimishije, ingufu zishishikaje, hamwe na generator ubwayo yitwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyishimo.
Kwigenga - Sisitemu Yuzuye Yishimishije
* Sisitemu yo kwishima ikoresha transformateur ihujwe nibisohoka bya generator (byitwa impinduka ishimishije) nkisoko yo kwishima. Nyuma yo gukosora silicon, itanga umunezero kuri generator. Kubera ko impinduka zishimishije zahujwe nubuso bwa generator, ubu buryo bwo kwishima bwitwa kwikorera - buvanze. Nka transformateur yo kwishima no gukosora nibintu bigize static, sisitemu izwi kandi nka sisitemu yo kwishima ihagaze.
Guhindura ibikoresho
* Guhindura ibikoresho ni sensor ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yingufu kugirango itange amakuru kubintu byambere - byumuzunguruko wamashanyarazi kumurongo wa kabiri - ibikoresho byumuzunguruko nkibikoresho byo gupima, kurinda relay, nibikoresho byikora. Bakora muburyo bwo guhinduranya imbaraga zingana nini nini nini kuri voltage yo hasi hamwe ningendo ntoya.
SF₆ Kumena Inzira
* Imashanyarazi yamashanyarazi ikoresha gaze ya SF₆, izwiho kuba nziza cyane arc - kuzimya no kubika ibintu, yitwa SF₆ yameneka. Igaragaza imbaraga zikomeye zo guhagarika nubunini buke ariko ifite imiterere igoye, gukoresha ibyuma byinshi, hamwe nigiciro kinini.
Umuyoboro wumuzunguruko
* Imashanyarazi ya vacuum ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi za dielectric ya vacuum kugirango izimye arcs. Irangwa na arc yihuse - kuzimya, kurwanya okiside ya contact, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende, nubunini buke.
Ahantu ho gukorera
* Gukora hasi bivuga ingamba zifatika zikenewe mubikorwa bisanzwe bya sisitemu yingufu. Kurugero, guhuza ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye muburyo butabogamye - sisitemu ya sisitemu ifasha guhagarika imbaraga za gride kandi igabanya kugabanuka kwubutaka.
Kurinda Inkuba
* Kurinda inkuba bishyirwa mubikorwa kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byo kurinda inkuba. Iremeza ko imirabyo yerekejwe mu isi neza, bityo bikagabanya imirabyo - iterwa n’umuvuduko ukabije kandi bizwi kandi nko gukingira umuyaga mwinshi.
Impamvu yo Kurinda
* Bizwi kandi nko gushingira umutekano, kurinda umutekano bishyirwa mubikorwa kugirango turinde ubuzima bwabantu. Harimo guhuza ibyuma (harimo na kabili) yibikoresho byamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo hasi kugirango hirindwe ingaruka ziterwa n’amashanyarazi mugihe habaye ibikoresho byo kubura ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho no kugenzura
* Ibikoresho byo kugenzura no kugenzura bivuga ingamba zifatika zashyizwe mubikorwa byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro, sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru, sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa, transistor - cyangwa microprocessor - sisitemu yo gukingira relay, hamwe na sisitemu yitumanaho rya kure mumashanyarazi. Ikigamijwe ni uguhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kwirinda kwivanga. Yitwa kandi sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ishingiye.
Kurwanya Impamvu
* Kurwanya ubutaka ni ukurwanya guhura nigihe umuyaga unyura muri electrode yubutaka mu isi ugakwira hanze.
Umuvuduko
*Umuvuduko usobanurwa nkakazi kakozwe nimbaraga zumuriro wamashanyarazi mukwimura igice cyiza kiva mubushobozi buke bugana kubushobozi buke.
Ibiriho
* Ibiriho nibintu bifatika byateganijwe, bigenda byerekezo byumubare munini wumuriro wamashanyarazi bitewe numuriro wamashanyarazi.
Kurwanya
* Kurwanya ni opposition ihura nubu ikanyura mu kiyobora. Bituruka ku kugongana hagati ya electroni yubusa na atome cyangwa molekile mu kiyobora mugihe cyo kugenda.
Ikigereranyo kigezweho cya moteri
* Umuvuduko wagenwe wa moteri nigikorwa kinini cyo gukora moteri ishobora gukora ubudahwema mubihe bisanzwe.
Imbaraga za moteri
* Imbaraga za moteri nigipimo cyimbaraga zacyo zipimwe nimbaraga zacyo zigaragara.
Ikigereranyo cya voltage ya moteri
* Umuvuduko wapimwe wa moteri ni umurongo wumurongo wa moteri moteri ikora mubihe byagenwe.
Ikigereranyo cyimbaraga za moteri
* Imbaraga zapimwe na moteri nimbaraga zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi mugihe cya moteri mugihe ikora mubihe byagenwe.
Ikigereranyo cyihuta cya moteri
* Umuvuduko wagenwe wa moteri ni umuvuduko moteri ikora iyo itanzwe na voltage yagenwe, inshuro yagenwe, kandi munsi yumutwaro wagenwe.
Sisitemu Yimbaraga
* Imbaraga za sisitemu ihindagurika bivuga ihungabana riterwa n’imivurungano nkumurongo wumurongo cyangwa uruziga - ingendo zimena. Irerekana nkibimenyetso bidasanzwe byerekana inshuro nyinshi nihindagurika rikomeye mumitwaro na metero za voltage.
Impamvu yo Kurinda
* Kwirinda kurinda bikubiyemo guhuza ibyuma hamwe namakadiri yibikoresho byamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo hasi. Muri sisitemu yimbaraga zifite ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye, ni ingamba zingenzi zo kurinda umutekano wumuntu.
Kurinda
* Muri sisitemu yingufu zifite ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye, guhuza kurinda bikubiyemo guhuza ibyuma hamwe namakadiri yibikoresho byamashanyarazi nuyobora utabogamye. Iki nigipimo cyingenzi cyumutekano cyo kurinda ubuzima bwabantu.
Busbar
* Busbar nuyobora ikusanya kandi ikwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ikora nk'umuyagankuba muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, igena umubare w'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza no kwerekana uburyo amashanyarazi, transformateur, n'imirongo bihujwe no kurangiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza imirimo.
Inzira ngufi
* Umuzunguruko mugufi ubaho mugihe ibyiciro bihujwe hamwe cyangwa kubutaka binyuze mumbaraga nke cyangwa muburyo butaziguye, bigatera kwiyongera gutunguranye kwumuzunguruko.
Umuyoboro w'umurongo
* Mubice bitatu - byumuzunguruko, umurongo wumurongo wa voltage bivuga voltage hagati yicyiciro icyo aricyo cyose.
Gusubiramo mu buryo bwikora
* Automatic reclosing nigikoresho gihita cyongera - gufunga icyuma cyumuzunguruko nyuma yikosa - urugendo rwatewe nta ntoki.
Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi
* Umuvuduko wa voltage ni voltage aho insuline ikingira ikanayobora amashanyarazi.
Ibiriho (DC)
* Umuyoboro utaziguye werekana amashanyarazi aho voltage nubunini bwubu nicyerekezo bidahinduka hamwe nigihe.
Ibikoresho bya DC
* Ibikoresho bya DC bivuga ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za DC zo kurinda relay, kugenzura imiyoboro, no gucana byihutirwa.
Igufi - Ikigereranyo cyumuzunguruko
* Ikigereranyo kigufi - cyumuzunguruko wa generator ya syncronique ni igipimo cyumuyaga ushimishije kumuvuduko wagenwe kandi ufunguye - voltage yumuzunguruko numuyoboro ushimishije mugihe gito - cyumuzunguruko.
Imbaraga zikoresha amashanyarazi (EMF)
* EMF iterwa no kubyara iyo magnetiki atembera binyuze mumikorere ihindagurika, cyangwa iyo umuyobozi uciye mumirongo yumurongo wa magneti.
Imikorere ya Generator
* Imikorere ya generator nigipimo cyimbaraga za generator nimbaraga zinjiza, zigaragazwa nkijanisha. Mubisanzwe bivuga agaciro mubihe byagenwe.
Shaft
* Umuyoboro wa shaft numuyoboro utemba uva kumpera yumutwe wa generator ya turbine unyuze mu cyuma no ku rundi ruhande, biterwa na voltage ya shaft.
Kurinda Amashanyarazi
* Kurinda ubufasha muri generator byiyongera kurinda no kugarura ibintu, gukemura ibintu nka voltage transformateur yamashanyarazi yamenetse, umuzenguruko - kunanirwa kumeneka, cyangwa flashovers mugihe cyo gutangira, guhuza, cyangwa guhagarika.
Kurinda Amashanyarazi
* Kurinda kubika muri generator bikora mugihe uburinzi nyamukuru bwananiwe cyangwa budakora, butanga ubwishingizi bwinyongera. Harimo ibice byubu birinda kurinda ako kanya, kurinda impedance, hamwe nicyerekezo - kurinda birenze urugero byatangijwe na voltage compound.
Guhatira umurima
* Guhatira umurima nigikorwa aho imashini itanga amashanyarazi ya generator itahura amashanyarazi ya gride munsi yumubare wateganijwe (mubisanzwe 80% - 85% ya voltage yagenwe) kandi byongera umuvuduko mwinshi mubyishimo byacyo. Niba ishyizwe mubikorwa hamwe na relay, byitwa relay - gutangiza umurima guhatira.
Kurimbuka
* Kurimbuka kwumurima bivuga guhagarika byihuse amashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu za magnetique zibitswe mukuzunguruka. Birasabwa kugabanya ibyangiritse biturutse ku makosa ya generator y'imbere cyangwa hejuru ya voltage mugihe cyo gutandukana.
Umuvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi menshi
* Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi ya moteri ya moteri ikora ni igipimo cya voltage ntarengwa ya DC ishobora gutanga ku muvuduko ugenwe hamwe n'ibihe byagenwe na voltage ishimishije.
Igipimo cya Sisitemu Yumubyigano Igipimo
* Igipimo cya voltage igereranya sisitemu yo kwishima nigisohoka cyumuvuduko wubwiyongere bwikigereranyo cya sisitemu yo kwishima ya voltage isubiza umurongo ugabanijwe na voltage ishimishije. Nibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu ishimishije.
Gutandukanya impinduka
* Impinduka yacitsemo ibice ni byinshi - guhinduranya imbaraga hamwe nimbaraga imwe yo hejuru - voltage ihindagurika na bibiri cyangwa byinshi munsi - voltage ihindagurika ya voltage imwe nubushobozi kuri buri cyiciro. Ihererekanya cyane cyane ingufu hagati yumurongo wo hejuru - na muto - umuyaga uhindagurika mubihe bisanzwe ariko bigabanya imiyoboro migufi - izunguruka mugihe cyamakosa. Umuyaga muke - voltage uzwi kandi nka gucamo ibice.
Kwigunga
* Akato ni igikoresho cyo guhinduranya, mu mwanya ufunguye, gifite intera yihariye yo gutandukanya no gutandukana kugaragara hagati yabyo. Mumwanya ufunze, irashobora gutwara ibintu bisanzwe bikora ningufi - umuzunguruko. Irashobora guhinduranya imirongo hamwe ningendo ntoya cyangwa mugihe voltage iri hagati yimikorere ya isolator idahinduka cyane mbere na nyuma yo gukora, ikora ibikorwa byombi no kwigunga.
Oya - Kanda Kunezeza - Guhindura Igikoresho
* Oya - gukanda kunezeza - guhindura ibikoresho bikoreshwa muguhindura imiyoboro ya robine kugirango igenzurwe na voltage mugihe transformateur iba ifite ingufu. Birazwi kandi nka oya - gushimisha kanda. Iki gikoresho kiroroshye muburyo, giciro gito, kandi cyizewe cyane ariko gifite igipimo ntarengwa cyo kugenzura voltage, bigatuma gikoreshwa mubisabwa aho amabwiriza ya voltage adakenewe kenshi.
Kuri - Kanda Kanda - Guhindura Igikoresho
* Kuri - umutwaro wikintu - guhindura igikoresho cyemerera kugenzura voltage mugihe transformateur ikomeje gukora. Yitwa kandi kuri - umutwaro uhindura imashini, ituma ihinduka rya voltage ridahagarika amashanyarazi, bityo bigahindura amashanyarazi ya gride no kuzamura ubwizerwe nubukungu bwamashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze
* Ibikoresho byibanze bivuga ibikoresho bigira uruhare rutaziguye mu kubyara, guhererekanya, no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, nka generator, transformateur, amashanyarazi, n’insinga z'amashanyarazi.
Inzira Yibanze
* Umuzunguruko wibanze ni umuyoboro wingenzi wamashanyarazi utangirira kuri generator, unyura mumashanyarazi no kumurongo wohereza, ukarangirira kubikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho bya kabiri
* Ibikoresho bya kabiri birimo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukurikirana, gupima, kugenzura, kurinda, no gukoresha ibikoresho byibanze, nkibikoresho, ibyuma, insinga zo kugenzura, nibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso.
Inzira Yisumbuye
* Inzira ya kabiri ni umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi wakozwe muguhuza ibikoresho bya kabiri muburyo bwihariye.
Hasi - Guhindura Umuvuduko
* Umuyoboro muto - voltage nigikoresho cyo guhinduranya gikoreshwa mugukora cyangwa kumena imirongo hamwe na voltage iri munsi ya 1000 V AC cyangwa DC.
Umuhuza
* Umuhuza ni muto - voltage ikoreshwa muguhuza kure cyangwa guhagarika imirongo hamwe numuyoboro wimitwaro. Irakoreshwa cyane mumuzinga isaba moteri gutangira no kugenzura.
Guhindura ikirere cyikora
* Guhindura ikirere byikora, bizwi kandi nka byikora byikora, ni byinshi bihindagurika cyane - voltage ihinduka. Irashobora guhagarika imiyoboro yimizigo hamwe na bigufi - imiyoboro yumuzunguruko kandi ikoreshwa muburyo buke - voltage, hejuru - amashanyarazi nkigikoresho nyamukuru cyo kugenzura.
Kurimbuka Magnetic Guhindura
* Impinduka ya magnetiki izimangana ni imwe yihariye - pole DC ikirere cyikora cyikora gikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ashimishije.
Guhindura wenyine
* Guhindura akato ni guhinduranya hamwe no kugaragara kugaragara kandi nta arc - uburyo bwo kuzimya. Byakoreshejwe muguhindura imirongo hamwe na voltage ariko ntamuzigo. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhuza cyangwa guhagarika imirongo idapakuruwe, transformateur ya voltage, kandi oya - imitwaro ihindura ubushobozi buke. Igikorwa cyibanze cyayo ni ugutandukanya ingufu za voltage mugihe cyo gufata neza ibikoresho.
Hejuru - Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
* Umuyoboro mwinshi - umuyagankuba wamashanyarazi, uzwi kandi nka voltage yo hejuru - irashobora guhagarika cyangwa gufunga oya - umutwaro no gutwara imizigo yumuriro mwinshi - voltage. Mugihe habaye sisitemu ikosa, irashobora kandi guhagarika bigufi - imiyoboro yumuzingi binyuze mubikorwa byibikoresho byo kurinda relay. Iranga arc yuzuye - kuzimya imiterere ihagije - ubushobozi bwo kumena.
Arc - Igiceri cyo guhagarika
* Arc - guhagarika coil ni inductor ihinduka hamwe nicyuma cyuma, ihujwe nokutabogama kwa transformateur cyangwa generator. Mugihe kimwe - icyiciro cyubutaka bwikosa, bigabanya imigezi yubutaka nubufasha mugucika arc.
Imashini
* Imashini ni coil ya inductive ifite imbaraga nke cyane. Ihinduranya rya coil irikumwe, kandi igiceri cyose cyiziritse kubutaka. Imashini ihujwe murukurikirane rwumuzingi kugirango igabanye igihe gito - imizunguruko.
Eddy Ibihe
* Iyo igiceri gikomerekejwe nicyuma gikomeye, icyuma gishobora gufatwa nkigizwe nimpeta nyinshi zifunze zifunze perpendicular yerekeza kuri magnetiki flux. Buri mpeta y'icyuma ikora umugozi ufunze. Iyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi bitembera muri coil, urujya n'uruza rwa rukuruzi runyura mu mpeta z'icyuma ruhora ruhinduka, bigatuma imbaraga z'amashanyarazi n'umuyaga muri buri mpeta y'icyuma. Imiyoboro iterwa ikora vortex - nkibishushanyo bikikije icyuma cyibanze, kizwi nka eddy.
Igihombo cya Eddy
* Igihombo cya Eddy bivuga kugabanuka kwingufu muburyo bwubushyuhe bitewe numuyaga wa eddy mumyuma yicyuma, bisa ningaruka zo gushyushya amashanyarazi atembera mumurwanya.
Hasi - Sisitemu Yubu
* Sisitemu aho ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye yaba idafite aho ihuriye cyangwa ishingiye kuri arc - coil yo guhagarika.
Hejuru - Sisitemu Yubu
* Sisitemu aho ingingo itabogamye iba ishingiye.
Imyifatire ya Armature
* Iyo nta mashanyarazi ya armature, umwuka - icyuho nyamukuru cya magnetiki ikorwa gusa numuyoboro ushimishije. Iyo armature ihari, umwuka - icyuho nyamukuru magnetiki yumurima ni superposition yumurima wa magneti ukorwa numuyoboro ushimishije hamwe numuyoboro wa armature. Ingaruka yimyuka ya armature kumurima nyamukuru wa magnetique yitwa armature reaction.
Moteri ya Induction
* Bizwi kandi nka moteri idafite imbaraga, ikora ishingiye ku mahame yingufu za electromotive zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi atema imirongo yumurongo wa magneti nimbaraga zikoreshwa kumuyoboro - utwara imiyoboro mumashanyarazi. Kubera ko umuvuduko wa rotor uhora uri munsi yumuvuduko wo guhuza kugirango ugumane umuvuduko ugereranije hagati yumurongo wa magneti nuyobora rotor, byitwa moteri ya induction.
Umuvuduko Uhuza
* Iyo ibyiciro bitatu - icyiciro cya simmetrike bitanzwe kuri bitatu - icyiciro cya simmetrike ihindagurika ya moteri ya induction, umurima wa rukuruzi uzunguruka ubyara icyuho cyumwuka. Umuvuduko wu murima wa magneti uzunguruka uratandukanye numubare wa moteri. Umubare munini wibiti, niko umuvuduko wihuta. Uyu muvuduko uvugwa nkumuvuduko uhuza.
Kunyerera
* Kunyerera bisobanurwa nkikigereranyo cyitandukaniro riri hagati yumuvuduko wa syncron (n1) numuvuduko wa moteri (n) numuvuduko wa syncronique, bigaragazwa nkijanisha: S = (n1 - n) / n1 × 100%.
Inyenyeri - Gutangira Delta
* Uburyo bwo gutangira aho moteri ya stator ihinduranya muburyo bwimiterere yinyenyeri mugihe cyo gutangira hanyuma igahinduka muburyo bwa delta nyuma yo gutangira.
Ikigereranyo cyo gukuramo
* Ikigereranyo cyindangagaciro zo kurwanya insulation zapimwe kumasegonda 60 kugeza kumasegonda 15 nyuma yo gukoresha voltage ya DC kurugero.
Ahantu ho gukorera
* Gutaka byakozwe kugirango ibikorwa by amashanyarazi bikore neza kandi byizewe mubihe bisanzwe kandi bitameze neza, birinda ko habaho umuvuduko mwinshi kubera amakosa yibikoresho.
Impamvu yo Kurinda
* Gutsindira ibyuma cyangwa ibice by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kugirango wirinde ingaruka ziterwa n'amashanyarazi ziterwa no kunanirwa.
Kurinda
* Muri sisitemu yingufu zifite aho zidafite aho zibogamiye, zihuza ibyuma cyangwa amakadiri yibikoresho byamashanyarazi nuyobora utabogamye. Iki nigipimo cyingenzi cyo kurinda umutekano wawe.
Amashanyarazi
* Amashanyarazi arc akorwa numubare munini wibintu.
Icyiciro
* Itondekanya aho ibyiciro bya sinusoidal byanyuze mu gaciro kamwe. Igice icyo aricyo cyose cya asimmetrike - icyiciro cya sinusoidal voltage cyangwa imigezi irashobora kubora mubice bitatu bigize ibice: ibyiza - bikurikirana, ibibi - bikurikirana, na zeru - bikurikiranye.
Ikarita Yerekana
* Agaciro ntarengwa kariho gashobora gutuma relay ikora.
Ikirangantego
* Icyerekezo gikora ukurikije ubunini bwumuyaga ukoresheje coil.
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
* Ikirangantego gikora gishingiye kurwego rwa voltage ikoreshwa.
Kwihuta
* Icyerekezo hamwe nigihe cyo gukora kiri munsi ya milisegonda 10.
Kurinda ako kanya
* Kurinda bikora ako kanya nta gutinda igihe iyo ikigezweho igeze ku giciro cyagenwe.
Kurinda Bitandukanye
* Kurinda bikora bishingiye kumihindagurikire yumuriro wamashanyarazi mugihe amakosa yibikoresho.
Zeru - Kurinda Urukurikirane
* Kurinda gusubiza kuri zeru - ikurikiranye ryumuvuduko na voltage biranga amakosa yubutaka muri sisitemu yimbaraga.
Kurinda Intera
* Igikoresho kirinda kigaragaza intera kuva aho ikosa igana aho yashyizwe kurinda.
Gusubiramo mu buryo bwikora
* Igikoresho gihita cyongera - gufunga inzitizi zumuzunguruko nyuma yikosa - urugendo ruterwa nta ntoki. Kwiyerekana birashobora kuba ingaragu - icyiciro cyangwa hamwe.
Kwishyira hamwe
* Igikorwa cyo kwisubiraho aho ikosa rimwe ryicyiciro ritera imwe - gutembera icyiciro no kwisubiraho, hamwe na bitatu - gutambuka icyiciro niba bitatsinzwe; icyiciro - kugeza - icyiciro cyamakosa gikurura bitatu - icyiciro cyo gutembera hamwe no kwisubiraho, kandi gutsindwa kunanirwa biganisha kuri bitatu - gutambuka.
Kwihutisha Kwihuta
* Nyuma yo kwisubiraho ku ikosa rihoraho, igikoresho cyo gukingira kirongera gukora nta gutinda gutembera kumashanyarazi kandi ntigerageza kongera kwisubiraho.
Kurinda
* Sisitemu yo gukingira yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byumutekano, guhitamo no gukuraho byihuse amakosa yibikoresho bikingiwe numurongo wose.
Kurinda Ibikubiyemo
* Uburinzi bukuraho amakosa mugihe uburinzi nyamukuru bwananiwe gukora cyangwa icyuma cyumuzunguruko cyanze kugenda.
Imbaraga
* Ikigereranyo cyimbaraga zikora (P) nimbaraga zigaragara (S).
Igikorwa cyo Guhindura
* Guhindura ibikorwa bivuga urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa bikorwa iyo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi biva muri leta bijya mubindi cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora sisitemu bwahinduwe. Muri ibyo bikorwa harimo:
* Guhindura imbaraga na de - imbaraga.
* Umurongo utanga ingufu na de - imbaraga.
* Generator itangira, igereranya, kandi yigunga.
* Gufunga umuyoboro no gufungura.
* Iboneza rya busbar ihinduka (ibikorwa byo kohereza bisi).
* Uburyo butagira aho bubogamiye burahinduka na arc - guhagarika coil.
* Guhindura ibyerekeranye no kurinda no gushiraho ibikoresho byikora.
* Gushiraho no gukuraho insinga zubutaka.
Oya - Gutakaza Umutwaro
* Oya - gutakaza imitwaro ni imbaraga zikoreshwa na transformateur mugihe voltage yagereranijwe ya sinusoidal voltage ikoreshwa kuri imwe mungaruka zayo (kumwanya wapanze) mugihe izindi zizunguruka zifunguye - zizunguruka. Byibanze cyane kubihombo byingenzi (eddy igezweho na hystereze igihombo).
Oya - Fata Ibiriho
* Oya - umutwaro wikintu ni rukuruzi ya magneti ishyiraho flux nyamukuru mugihe cya transformateur no - imikorere yumutwaro. Ikigereranyo cya oya - umutwaro wikigereranyo ni impuzandengo yimyuka itatu - icyiciro cyashushanijwe na transformateur mugihe voltage yagereranijwe ya sinusoidal voltage ikoreshwa kumurongo umwe (kumwanya wapimwe wapimwe) hamwe nizindi zizunguruka zifunguye - zizunguruka, zigaragazwa nkijanisha ryumubyigano wagenwe.
Bigufi - Gutakaza Inzira
* Gitoya - gutakaza umuzunguruko nimbaraga zikoreshwa na transformateur mugihe umuyagankuba wagenwe unyuze murimwe murirwo ruzunguruka mugihe urundi ruzunguruka ari rugufi - ruzunguruka. Yerekana igihombo cy'umuringa (I²R igihombo) muri transformateur ihinduranya ahabigenewe kandi ubushyuhe bwa 70 ° C.
Mugufi - Umuvuduko wumuzunguruko
* Umuvuduko mugufi - umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi ni voltage yumurongo washyizwe kumurongo umwe kugirango ubyare umusaruro ugereranije mubindi bigufi - bizunguruka (kumwanya wapanze), bigaragazwa nkijanisha rya voltage yagenwe. Irerekana impinduramatwara ya transformateur (resistance and leakage reactance) kandi izwi kandi nka voltage ya impedance (kuri 70 ° C).