10 PLC Sisitemu Ikosa Impamvu nigisubizo
10 PLC Sisitemu Ikosa Impamvu nigisubizo
Mu myaka yashize, PLC zabaye ingenzi mu musaruro w’inganda. Nkuko imikoreshereze yabo yaguka, kwemeza imikorere ya sisitemu ihamye byabaye ingenzi. Mugihe PLC ubwayo yizewe cyane, ibikorwa bidakwiye birashobora gukurura ibibazo. Dore 10 bitera amakosa hamwe nibisubizo:
1. Ibibazo bifatika
Sisitemu ya PLC ifite ibisabwa bikomeye. Sisitemu yigenga, yeguriwe ubutaka irasabwa, kandi ibikoresho byose bifitanye isano bigomba kuba bihagaze neza. Guhagarara bidakwiye birashobora gutera imigezi itunguranye, biganisha ku makosa ya logique cyangwa kwangirika kwumuzunguruko. Ingingo zifatika zigomba kuba zegeranye. Sisitemu ya PLC mubisanzwe ikoresha imwe - ingingo ishingiye. Kubirwanya birwanya - bisanzwe - uburyo bwo kwivanga, ibimenyetso bisa birashobora gukoresha tekinoroji yubutaka ireremba.
2. Gukemura ibibazo
Imbuga zinganda zikunda kwivanga hejuru - kandi ntoya - kwivanga inshuro nyinshi, akenshi bitangizwa binyuze mumigozi ihujwe na - ibikoresho byurubuga. Usibye guhagarara neza, ingamba zikurikira zo kurwanya - kwivanga zigomba gufatwa mugushushanya, guhitamo, no kwishyiriraho:
Kubimenyetso bisa, koresha insinga ebyiri - zikingiwe.
Kubimenyetso byihuta - byihuta byerekana ibimenyetso, koresha insinga zikingiwe.
Kubikoresho byitumanaho bya PLC, koresha uwabikoze - yatanze insinga cyangwa ikingiwe ikingiwe - insinga zombi.
Ntugahuze inzira yerekana ibimenyetso, imirongo ya signal ya DC, hamwe numurongo wa signal ya AC mumuyoboro umwe.
Intsinga zikingiwe zamenyekanye cyangwa zivuye mu kabari zigomba guhuzwa n’ibikoresho bitanyuze muri terefone.
Ibimenyetso bya AC, ibimenyetso bya DC, nibimenyetso bisa ntibigomba gusangira umugozi umwe. Intsinga z'amashanyarazi hamwe ninsinga zerekana ibimenyetso bigomba kunyuzwa ukundi.
Kuri - inama zo gufata neza urubuga kugirango ukemure intambamyi zirimo gukoresha insinga zikingiwe kumirongo yibasiwe no kuyisubiramo, kimwe no kongeramo kode yo kurwanya filozofiya kuri porogaramu.
3. Kurandura Inter - Ubushobozi bwinsinga kugirango wirinde imikorere mibi
Intsinga zifite ubushobozi bwihariye hagati yabayobora. Ndetse insinga zujuje ibyangombwa zirashobora kugira ubushobozi burenze iyo uburebure bwarenze imipaka isabwa. Iyo ikoreshejwe mubisubizo bya PLC, ibi birashobora gutera imikorere mibi, nkibimenyetso byinjiza nabi cyangwa byabuze. Ibisubizo birimo:
Gukoresha insinga zifite ingirangingo.
Kugabanya uburebure bwa kabili.
Gutandukanya ibyinjira byinjira mumigozi itandukanye.
Ukoresheje insinga zikingiwe.
4. Guhitamo Ibisohoka
Ibisohoka bisohoka biza muburyo butatu: transistor, triac, na relay:
Transistor - ubwoko bwa modules butanga umuvuduko wihuse (mubisanzwe 0.2 ms) ariko bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Birakwiriye byihuse - guhinduranya ibikoresho nibimenyetso - ibikoresho bifitanye isano, nka inverters nibikoresho bya DC. Reba transistor yamenetse ingaruka zubu kumitwaro.
Triac - ubwoko bwa module burahuza - bike kandi bikwiranye n'imitwaro ya AC ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ibintu.
Icyerekezo - andika module ishyigikira imitwaro ya AC na DC kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucunga bisanzwe ariko bifite umuvuduko wo guhinduranya buhoro (hafi ms 10), bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru - inshuro nyinshi.
5. Gukoresha Inverter hejuru - Umuvuduko na Hejuru - Ibiriho
Iyo ugabanije agaciro katanzwe kugirango umuvuduko wa moteri, winjire muri feri nshya. Moteri igaburira ingufu muri inverter, bigatuma filteri ya capacitori ya voltage izamuka kandi igatera hejuru - kurinda voltage. Igisubizo: Shyiramo feri yo hanze kugirango igabanye ingufu zibyara imbaraga.
Iyo moteri ntoya ntoya ihujwe na inverter, ikosa muri moteri imwe rishobora gutuma inverter igenda, igahagarika moteri zose. Igisubizo: Shyiramo transformateur ya 1: 1 kuruhande rwa inverter isohoka kugirango utandukane ningaruka ziva muri inverter.
6. Kwandika ibyinjira nibisohoka kugirango byoroshye kubungabungwa
Sisitemu ya PLC irashobora kuba igoye, hamwe ninjiza nyinshi nibisohoka relay terminal. Korohereza gukemura ibibazo:
Kora imbonerahamwe ishingiye ku mashanyarazi hanyuma uyashyire ku kibaho cyangwa inama y'abaminisitiri. Andika buri PLC yinjiza nibisohoka nimero ya terefone hamwe nibimenyetso byamashanyarazi hamwe namazina yubushinwa.
Gutezimbere PLC yinjiza - ibisohoka logic imikorere yimbonerahamwe kugirango yerekane isano yumvikana hagati yinjiza nibisohoka mugihe gikora. Hamwe nizi mbonerahamwe, amashanyarazi afite uburambe arashobora gukora kubungabunga nta gishushanyo mbonera.
7. Gusuzuma Amakosa Ukoresheje Porogaramu Logic
Hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa PLC bukoreshwa, igishushanyo cyurwego rwo hejuru - amaherezo ya PLCs nka S7 - 300 akenshi byandikwa muri code ya mnemonic. Igishushanyo mbonera cyurwego kigomba kubamo ibisobanuro byerekana ibimenyetso byabashinwa. Kubisesengura ryamashanyarazi, revers - uburyo bwo gushakisha bukoreshwa. Tangirira ku makosa, menyekanisha ibyasohotse muri PLC, hanyuma usubize inyuma umubano wumvikana usabwa kugirango ukore. Ubunararibonye bwerekana ko amakosa menshi aturuka ku ngingo imwe.
8. Gucira urubanza PLC wenyine - Amakosa
PLCs zizewe cyane hamwe nigipimo gito cyo gutsindwa. Kwangiza ibyuma cyangwa amakosa ya software muri PLC na CPU ntibisanzwe. Ingingo ya PLC yinjiza ntabwo ishobora kunanirwa keretse iyo ikorewe hejuru - voltage yinjira. PLC isohoka relay itumanaho ifite igihe kirekire keretse kiremerewe cyane kubera imiyoboro migufi yo hanze cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera. Mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo, jya wibanda kumashanyarazi ya peripheri aho gukeka ibyuma bya PLC cyangwa software. Ubu buryo bwihutisha gusana kandi bugabanya umusaruro wigihe gito.
9. Gukoresha Byuzuye Porogaramu na Ibikoresho Byuma
Amabwiriza atagize uruhare mukugenzura cyangwa gukora mbere yuko loop ishobora kuvanwa muri PLC.
Kubuyobozi bwinshi bugenzura umurimo umwe, ubahuze muburyo bubangikanye mbere yo guhuza numwanya umwe winjiza.
Koresha imbere yoroshye yimbere ya PLC hamwe na reta yo hagati kugirango uzamure gahunda ikomeza kandi yoroshye iterambere. Ibi kandi bigabanya ibiciro byibyuma.
Mugihe bishoboka, shushanya ibisohoka byose wigenga kugirango byoroshye kugenzura, kugenzura, no kurinda izindi nziga.
Kubisubizo bigenzura imbere no gusubiza inyuma imizigo, shyira mubikorwa haba muri gahunda ya PLC ndetse no hanze kugirango wirinde kugenda imitwaro ibiri.
Kubyihutirwa byihutirwa, koresha switch yo hanze kugirango ugabanye ingufu kumutekano.
10. Ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda
Ntuzigere uhuza imirongo y'amashanyarazi ya AC na enterineti ya PLC kugirango wirinde kwangirika.
Ahantu h'ubutaka hagomba kuba hashingiwe ku bwigenge, ntaho uhurira hamwe nibindi bikoresho. Koresha umugozi wubutaka ufite umusaraba - agace gafite byibura mm2.
Amashanyarazi yingirakamaro afite ubushobozi buke kandi agomba gusa imbaraga nke - ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nka sensor ya foto.
Ntugahuze insinga na aderesi ya aderesi ya PLC idakoreshwa.
Niba nta bikoresho byo gukingira byashyizwe mumashanyarazi ya PLC, shyiramo fus cyangwa ibindi bintu birinda mumuzunguruko wo hanze kugirango wirinde imitwaro migufi - imiyoboro yangiza sisitemu.