Mwatopa ndi kutayika pakusankhidwa kwa PLC? Tsatirani mfundo 8 izi kuti mupange chisankho choyenera!
Mwatopa ndi kutayika pakusankhidwa kwa PLC? Tsatirani mfundo 8 izi kuti mupange chisankho choyenera!
Mwatopa ndi kutayika pakusankhidwa kwa PLC? Tsatirani mfundo 8 izi kuti mupange chisankho choyenera!
Musanasankhe PLC, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kufotokozera zofunikira za dongosolo. Izi zikadziwika, mutha kusankha wopanga ndi chitsanzo. Koma kodi mumasankha bwanji zimenezi? Nkhaniyi ili ndi chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane chokuthandizani kusankha PLC yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi zosowa zanu, zophimba opanga, zitsanzo, mfundo za I/O, ndi ntchito zowongolera.
1. Opanga PLC
Posankha wopanga PLC, zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafuna, kudziwa kwa wopanga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kugwirizana kwa zinthu zothandizira, ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zochokera kumakampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi ndizodalirika. Pazida zing'onozing'ono, zodziyimira pawokha kapena njira zosavuta zowongolera, ma PLC aku Japan nthawi zambiri amapereka mtengo wabwinoko. Kwa machitidwe akuluakulu omwe ali ndi maukonde apamwamba ndi zofunikira zoyankhulirana, ma PLC a mafakitale ochokera ku Ulaya ndi US amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha luso lawo loyankhulana.
Kwa mafakitale apadera monga zitsulo kapena fodya, ndi bwino kusankha makina a PLC omwe ali ndi machitidwe otsimikiziridwa komanso mbiri yodalirika m'magulu amenewo.
2. Zolemba / Zotulutsa (I/O) Mfundo
Chiwerengero cha ma I/O ndi gawo lofunikira la PLC. Kuti mudziwe mfundo zofunika za I/O, werengerani kuchuluka kwa mfundo za I/O zofunika pazida zanu zowongolera. Nthawi zambiri, muyenera kuphatikiza 10% mpaka 20% malire a scalability. Mukayitanitsa, zosintha ziyeneranso kupangidwa kutengera zomwe wopanga amapanga PLC.
3. Kusunga Mphamvu
Kusungirako kwa PLC kumatanthawuza kusungirako kwa hardware komwe kumapereka. Kuchuluka kwa pulogalamu, kusungirako komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikocheperako kuposa kuchuluka konse kosungirako. Popeza kuchuluka kwa pulogalamu sikudziwika panthawi yopangira (pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito isanalembedwe), ikuyerekezeredwa kutengera mphamvu yosungira. Chiyerekezo chodziwika bwino ndi: (chiwerengero cha mfundo za digito za I/O × 10–15) + (chiwerengero cha mfundo za analogi I/O × 100) = mawu onse (16 bits pa liwu), ndi malire owonjezera a 25%.
4. Control Ntchito
Posankha PLC, ganizirani zotsatirazi zazikuluzikulu: ntchito zowerengera, ntchito zowongolera, luso loyankhulana, mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu, zida zowunikira, ndi liwiro la kukonza.
Ntchito Zowerengera
Ma Basic PLC nthawi zambiri amathandizira magwiridwe antchito, nthawi, ndi kuwerengera. Ma PLC apakati amaphatikizanso kusintha kwa data ndikufanizira magwiridwe antchito. Ntchito zapamwamba zowerengera monga ma algebraic ndi kutumiza deta ndizofala m'ma PLC akulu. Ma PLC apamwamba kwambiri amathandizira magwiridwe antchito a PID pakuwongolera analogi ndi mawerengedwe ena apamwamba. Kutengera ndikugwiritsa ntchito, zochitika zambiri zimangofunikira malingaliro ndi nthawi / kuwerengera ntchito, pomwe kutumiza ndi kufananitsa kungafune mwa ena.
Control Ntchito
Ntchito zowongolera zikuphatikiza kuwongolera kwa PID, kubweza malipiro, kuwongolera chiŵerengero, ndi zina zotero. PLCs amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndondomeko zotsatizana. Nthawi zambiri, olamulira amodzi kapena angapo amatha kugwira ntchito zowongolera analogi. Pazinthu zovuta zowongolera, ma module anzeru olowera / zotulutsa (mwachitsanzo, mayunitsi a PID kapena zowerengera zothamanga) zitha kupititsa patsogolo liwiro la kukonza ndikusunga kukumbukira.
Kuyankhulana Ntchito
Machitidwe apakati mpaka akulu a PLC ayenera kuthandizira mabasi angapo ndi njira zoyankhulirana zokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, TCP/IP) ndipo azitha kulumikizana ndi maukonde oyang'anira fakitale pakafunika kutero. Njira zoyankhulirana ziyenera kukhala ndi ma serial/parallel ports, Ethernet yamakampani, ndi zina zotero. Kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kudalirika, mabasi olankhulana ayenera kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira patali.
Ntchito za Programming
Pulogalamu ya PLCming'alu imatha kuchitidwa popanda intaneti (CPU yogawana pakati pa PLC ndi wopanga mapulogalamu) kapena pa intaneti (ma CPU osiyana a PLC ndi wopanga mapulogalamu). Zilankhulo zisanu zokhazikika zamapulogalamu ndi Sequential Function Chart (SFC), Ladder Diagram (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD), Instruction List (IL), ndi Structured Text (ST). Moyenera, PLC iyeneranso kuthandizira zilankhulo zina monga C kapena Basic pamapulogalamu apadera.
Diagnostic Ntchito
Kuzindikira kwa PLC kumaphimba zonse za Hardware ndi mapulogalamu. Kuwunika kwa Hardware kumazindikira zolakwika kudzera pakuwunika koyenera, pomwe zowunikira zamapulogalamu zimaphatikizapo macheke amkati (okhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito) ndi akunja (okhudzana ndi kulumikizana). Maluso amphamvu ozindikira amachepetsa nthawi yosamalira komanso zofunikira zaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito.
Kuthamanga Kwambiri
Kuthamanga kwa PLC kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yeniyeni. Ngati nthawi ya siginecha ndi yaifupi kuposa mawonekedwe a PLC, chizindikirocho chikhoza kuphonya. Kuthamanga kwachangu kumatengera zinthu monga kutalika kwa pulogalamu ndi kuthekera kwa CPU. Ma PLC amakono amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo a binary mu 0.2-0.4 ma microseconds, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowongolera kwambiri. Nthawi yojambulira ikuyenera kukhala ≤0.5ms/K kwa ma PLC ang'onoang'ono ndi ≤0.2ms/K pamakina akuluakulu.
5. PLC Mitundu
Ma PLC amagawidwa m'magulu ophatikizika komanso okhazikika. Ma PLC ophatikizika ali ndi ma I/O ochepa komanso okhazikika, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera machitidwe ang'onoang'ono owongolera (mwachitsanzo, Nokia S7-200, Mitsubishi FX series). Ma Modular PLCs amapereka masinthidwe osinthika a I/O kudzera mu ma module osinthika ndipo ndi abwino pamakina akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, Nokia S7-300/S7-400, Mitsubishi Q mndandanda).
6. Kusankha Module
Digital I/O Modules
Ma module a Digital I / O amasiyana mosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, zotulutsa zotumizirana, zotulutsa transistor) ndi mfundo za I/O (8, 16, 32 points). Zotulutsa zotumizirana ndizotsika mtengo koma zimakhala ndi moyo wamfupi, pomwe zotulutsa za thyristor zimathamanga koma zokwera mtengo. Kusankhidwa kuyenera kugwirizana ndi zofunikira za ntchito.
Ma module a Analogi I/O
Ma module olowetsa analogi amagwira ma siginecha ngati 4-20mA apano kapena 0-10V voteji. Ma module otulutsa analogi amaperekanso ma siginecha apano kapena ma voltage. Ma module amasiyana mu kuchuluka kwa ma tchanelo (2, 4, 8 tchanelo) ndipo akuyenera kusankhidwa potengera zosowa zenizeni.
Ntchito Modules
Ma modules ogwirira ntchito amaphatikizapo kulankhulana, kuika, kutulutsa mpweya, kuwerengera mofulumira, kulamulira kwa PID, ndi ma modules owongolera kutentha. Posankha, ganizirani zonse za hardware ndi mapulogalamu.
7. Ntchito Zochepa
Pazogwiritsa ntchito zovuta, redundancy ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pazigawo zowongolera (mwachitsanzo, 1B1 redundancy ya CPU ndi magetsi) ndi ma I/O interfaces. Zosintha zosafunikira zimakulitsa kudalirika kwadongosolo.
8. Malamulo Onse
Mtundu wa PLC ukangofotokozedwa momveka bwino, dziwani zofunikira ndi magawo a gawo lililonse kutengera zofunikira pakuwongolera. Posankha ma module, ikani patsogolo:
- Kuchita bwino pazachuma: Kusamalitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kukulitsa, komanso kuphweka kwa magwiridwe antchito.
- Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: Kusavuta kupanga ndikuchepetsa zowongolera zakunja.
- Standardization: Gwiritsani ntchito ma module ofanana kuti muchepetse kugula ndi kukonza.
- Kugwirizana: Onetsetsani kuti zigawo zonse zimagwirizana, kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo.