Electrical Automation Control: Malamulo a Umisiri Wamagetsi
Electrical Automation Control: Electrical Engineering Terms
Mphamvu Yogwira
Mum'badwo, kutumiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya AC, gawo la mphamvu lomwe limasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe amagetsi amatchedwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Mphamvu Yogwira
Popanga, kutumiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya AC, gawo la mphamvu lomwe limakhudzidwa pakusinthana kwa magawo a electromagnetic mkati mwa dera limatchedwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Power System
Dongosolo lamagetsi limapangidwa ndi ma jenereta, zida zogawira, masitepe okwera ndi otsika-pansi, zingwe zamagetsi, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Neutral Point Displacement
Mu gawo la magawo atatu, ngati voteji yamagetsi ili yoyenera ndipo gawo la magawo atatu ndilofanana, voliyumu yopanda ndale ndi ziro mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa mzere wosalowerera. Komabe, ngati gawo la magawo atatu liri la asymmetrical ndipo palibe mzere wosalowerera ndale kapena kusalowerera ndale kuli kofunikira, magetsi amawonekera pamalo osalowerera ndale. Chodabwitsa ichi chimadziwika kuti neutral point displacement.
Operation Overvoltage
Kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwamagetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma circuit - breaker operations kapena short-circuit and ground-fault situations amatchedwa overvoltage operation.
Resonant Overvoltage
Kuwonjezeka kwamagetsi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamagetsi - mabwalo amagetsi chifukwa cha mayendedwe - osweka kapena machulukitsidwe achitsulo - zigawo zikuluzikulu zimatchedwa resonant overvoltages.
Kulumikiza Kwakukulu kwa Magetsi
M'mafakitale amagetsi, malo ocheperako, ndi makina amagetsi, cholumikizira chachikulu chamagetsi chimatanthawuza kulumikizidwa kwa zida zamagetsi kuti zikwaniritse mphamvu - kutumizira ndi kugwirira ntchito.
Pawiri - Busbar Connection
Kukonzekera uku kumakhala ndi mabasi awiri: mabasi ogwira ntchito (I) ndi mabasi oima (II). Dera lililonse limalumikizidwa ndi mabasi onse kudzera pa chodulira chigawo ndi ma seti awiri odzipatula, ndi mabasi olumikizidwa ndi basi - tie circuit breaker.
One - and - a - Half - Breaker Connection
Pakukonzekera uku, magawo awiri aliwonse (mizere yotuluka kapena magwero amagetsi) amalumikizidwa ndi mabasi awiri kudzera pamagetsi atatu, ndikupanga kulumikizana kwa "mmodzi - ndi theka", komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kulumikizana kwa 3/2.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Pafakitale
* Pakuyambitsa, kugwira ntchito, kuzimitsa, ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi, zida zamagetsi zambiri, makamaka makina oyendetsedwa ndi injini, zimafunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zazikulu zamafakitale zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zida zothandizira monga kunyamula malasha, kuphwanya malasha, kuchotsa phulusa, kusonkhanitsa fumbi, komanso kuthira madzi. Zida zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, kuyang'anira, kuyesa, kukonza, ndi kuyatsa zimagwera pansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya fakitale.
Mtengo Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Factory
* Maperesenti a magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa za mphamvu ya fakitale poyerekeza ndi magetsi onse opangidwa ndi fakitale amatchedwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi a fakitale, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chachikulu pazachuma cha ntchito ya fakitale.
Katundu Wopitirira
* Ma mota omwe amagwira ntchito mosalekeza tsiku ndi tsiku.
Katundu Wapakatikati
* Katundu yemwe amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonza, ngozi, kapena poyambitsa ndikuyimitsa makina ndi ma boilers.
Katundu Wopitirira
* Katundu yemwe amagwira ntchito kwa maola opitilira 2 nthawi imodzi.
Short - Time Katundu
* Katundu yemwe amagwira ntchito kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 120 nthawi imodzi.
Cyclic Katundu
* Katundu yemwe amazungulira mobwerezabwereza ndi nthawi yosapitilira mphindi 10.
Self - Kuyambiranso kwa Motors
* Pakachitika mwadzidzidzi kutsika kwamagetsi kapena kuzimiririka pabasi yamagetsi yamagetsi a fakitale, ngati voteji ya busbar ibwerera mwakanthawi kochepa (nthawi zambiri masekondi 0,5 mpaka 1.5) pomwe liwiro lagalimoto silinatsike kapena kuyima, injiniyo imadzithamangitsa ndikuyambiranso ntchito yabwinobwino. Njirayi imatchedwa kudziyambitsanso kwa injini.
Kutaya Chisangalalo
* Chodabwitsa chomwe jenereta yolumikizana pang'ono kapena kutayika kwathunthu kumatchedwa kutayika kwa chisangalalo.
Chisangalalo Control System
* Dongosolo lonse lokhala ndi chowongolera chosangalatsa, gawo lamagetsi osangalatsa, ndi jenereta yokhayo imatchedwa dongosolo lowongolera zosangalatsa.
Self - Compounded Static Excitation System
* Dongosolo lachisangalalo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito thiransifoma yolumikizidwa ndi zomwe jenereta imatulutsa (yotchedwa chosinthira chosangalatsa) ngati gwero lamphamvu lachisangalalo. Pambuyo pokonzanso silicon, imapereka chisangalalo kwa jenereta. Popeza thiransifoma yosangalatsa imalumikizidwa mofanana ndi kutulutsa kwa jenereta, njira yosangalatsayi imatchedwa kudzikonda. Popeza thiransifoma yosangalatsa ndi yokonzanso ndi zinthu zosasunthika, dongosololi limadziwikanso ngati dongosolo lokhazikika lokhazikika lokhazikika.
Chosinthira Chida
* Zosinthira zida ndi masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amagetsi kuti apereke chidziwitso pazida zoyambira - zamagetsi zamagawo kupita ku sekondale - zida zozungulira monga zida zoyezera, chitetezo cholumikizirana, ndi zida zamagetsi. Amagwira ntchito posintha molingana ma voltages apamwamba ndi mafunde akulu kuti achepetse ma voltages ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono.
SF₆ Circuit Breaker
* Wothyola dera yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa SF₆, wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha arc - kuzimitsa ndi kutsekereza katundu wake, amatchedwa SF₆ circuit breaker. Imakhala ndi mphamvu zosokoneza komanso kukula kophatikizana koma imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri, komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
* Wowononga magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu ya dielectric ya vacuum kuzimitsa ma arcs. Amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa arc - kuzimitsa, kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni a olumikizana nawo, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndi kukula kophatikizana.
Kugwira Ntchito Pansi
* Kugwira ntchito kumatanthawuza njira zokhazikitsira zofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikika kwa mfundo zosalowerera ndale m'makina osalowerera ndale kumathandiza kukhazikika kwa gridi ndikupangitsa kuti kutsika kwamphamvu kumatsike pansi.
Chitetezo cha Mphezi Kuyika
* Kuyika kwachitetezo cha mphezi kumayendetsedwa kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha mphezi. Imawonetsetsa kuti mafunde amphezi amawongoleredwa bwino padziko lapansi, potero amachepetsa kuphulika kwa mphezi komanso kumadziwikanso kuti overvoltage protection grounding.
Chitetezo Chokhazikika
* Imadziwikanso kuti maziko otetezedwa, maziko oteteza amakhazikitsidwa kuti ateteze moyo wamunthu. Zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza zotsekera zazitsulo (kuphatikizapo ma cable sheaths) a zipangizo zamagetsi ku dongosolo lokhazikitsira pansi kuti muteteze kuopsa kwa magetsi ngati zida zalephera.
Instrumentation ndi Control Grounding
* Kuyika zida ndi kuwongolera kumatanthawuza njira zoyatsira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa m'makina owongolera matenthedwe, makina opezera deta, makina owunikira makompyuta, makina oteteza ma transistor - kapena microprocessor - based relay chitetezo, ndi njira zoyankhulirana zakutali m'mafakitale amagetsi. Cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuletsa kusokoneza. Amatchedwanso electronic system grounding.
Kukaniza Grounding
* Kukaniza pansi ndiko kukana komwe kumakumana nako pomwe pano kumayenda kudzera pa electrode yoyambira pansi ndikufalikira kunja.
Mphamvu yamagetsi
*Voltage imatanthauzidwa ngati ntchito yochitidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yosuntha mphamvu ya unit positive kuchoka papamwamba kupita ku mphamvu zochepa.
Panopa
* Current is the physical phenomenon of the ordered, directional movement of a large number of electric charges under the influence of an electric field.
Kukaniza
* Kukaniza ndiko kutsutsidwa komwe kumakumana ndi mafunde akuyenda kudzera pa kondakitala. Zimachokera ku kugundana pakati pa ma electron aulere ndi ma atomu kapena ma molekyulu mu kondakitala pa kayendedwe kawo.
Adavotera Pakali pano pagalimoto
* Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiye mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe mota imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino.
Mphamvu Factor ya Motor
* Mphamvu ya injini ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito ku mphamvu yake yowonekera.
Adavotera Voltage ya Moto
* Ma voliyumu ovoteledwa a mota ndi voteji yamzere yomwe injini imagwira ntchito movomerezeka.
Adavotera Mphamvu Yagalimoto
* Mphamvu yovotera ya mota ndi mphamvu yamakina yomwe imatuluka pa shaft ya injini ikamagwira ntchito movoteredwa.
Rated Speed of a Motor
* Liwiro lovotera la mota ndi liwiro lomwe injini imayendera ikaperekedwa ndi voliyumu yovotera, ma frequency ovotera, komanso pansi pa katundu wovoteledwa.
Mphamvu System Oscillation
* Mphamvu yamagetsi oscillation imatanthawuza kusakhazikika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zosokoneza monga zolakwika za mizere kapena maulendo odutsa. Imawonetsa ngati ma frequency achilendo komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi ma voltage metres.
Chitetezo Chokhazikika
* Kuyika pansi koteteza kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza mipanda yachitsulo ndi mafelemu a zida zamagetsi ku dongosolo lokhazikitsira pansi. M'makina amagetsi okhala ndi mfundo zosalowerera ndale, ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo chamunthu.
Kugwirizana kwa Chitetezo
* M'makina amagetsi okhala ndi mfundo zosalowerera ndale, kulumikizana koteteza kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza zotchingira zachitsulo ndi mafelemu a zida zamagetsi ndi kondakitala wosalowerera ndale. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera moyo wa munthu.
Basbar
* Busbar ndi kondakitala yemwe amasonkhanitsa ndikugawa mphamvu zamagetsi. Imakhala ngati node yamagetsi m'machitidwe amagetsi, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zida zogawa ndikuwonetsa momwe ma jenereta, ma transfoma, ndi mizere amalumikizidwa kuti amalize ntchito zotumizira ndi kugawa mphamvu.
Dera Lalifupi
* Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kumachitika pamene magawo amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake kapena kutsika kudzera pachitetezo chochepa kapena mwachindunji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi.
Line Voltage
* Mugawo la magawo atatu, voteji yamzere imatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma conductor agawo awiri aliwonse.
Kutsekanso Mwadzidzidzi
* Kutseketsanso zokha ndi chipangizo chomwe chimangotsekanso - chimatseka chowotcha chigawo pakachitika cholakwika - ulendo popanda kulowererapo pamanja.
Kuwonongeka kwa Voltage
* Breakdown voltage ndi mphamvu yomwe insulating medium imalephera ndikuyendetsa magetsi.
Direct Current (DC)
* Direct current imatanthawuza magetsi pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukula kwake ndi komwe kumayendera sizisintha ndi nthawi.
Zida za DC
* Zipangizo za DC zimatanthawuza zida zomwe zimapereka mphamvu za DC zoteteza ku relay, mabwalo owongolera, ndi kuyatsa kwadzidzidzi.
Short - Circuit Ration
* The yochepa - dera chiŵerengero cha synchronous jenereta ndi chiŵerengero cha chisangalalo panopa pa liwiro oveteredwa ndi lotseguka - voteji dera kwa masangalalo panopa oveteredwa lalifupi - dera panopa.
Mphamvu ya Electromotive Force (EMF)
* EMF yopangitsidwa imapangidwa pamene maginito akuyenda kudzera pa loop yoyendetsa akusintha, kapena woyendetsa akadumpha mizere ya maginito.
Jenereta Mwachangu
* Kuchita bwino kwa jenereta ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yotulutsa jenereta ku mphamvu yake yolowera, yowonetsedwa ngati peresenti. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mtengo womwe udavoteredwa.
Shaft Current
* Shaft current ndi yapano yomwe imayenda kuchokera kumalekezero a shaft ya jenereta ya turbine kudzera pa bere mpaka kumapeto kwina, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya shaft.
Jenereta Wothandizira Chitetezo
* Chitetezo chothandizira m'majenereta chimawonjezera chitetezo chachikulu komanso chosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera, kuthana ndi zochitika monga ma voltage transformer circuit breaks, circuit - breaker failure, kapena flashovers poyambitsa, kulunzanitsa, kapena kutseka.
Jenereta zosunga zobwezeretsera Chitetezo
* Kuteteza zosunga zobwezeretsera m'majenereta kumayatsa chitetezo chachikulu chikalephera kapena sichikugwira ntchito, ndikuwonjezera zolakwika. Zimaphatikizanso chitetezo chanthawi yomweyo, chitetezo champhamvu, ndi njira - chitetezo chopitilira muyeso chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi magetsi apawiri.
Kukakamiza M'munda
* Kukakamiza kumunda ndi ntchito yomwe jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi imazindikira magetsi a gridi pansi pa malo okhazikika (nthawi zambiri 80% - 85% ya voliyumu yovotera) ndikuwonjezera mwachangu magetsi osangalatsa mpaka pamtengo wake wokwera. Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma relay, imatchedwa relay - initiated field forcing.
Kuwonongeka kwa Munda
* Kuzimiririka kwa minda kumatanthawuza kutha msanga kwa magetsi othamangitsa a jenereta ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu ya maginito yosungidwa mumayendedwe osangalatsa. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kuchokera ku zolakwika za jenereta mkati kapena overvoltages panthawi yotsekedwa.
Exciter Peak Voltage Multiple
* Mpweya wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi owonjezera a jenereta ya synchronous ndi chiŵerengero cha voteji yapamwamba ya DC yomwe ingapereke pa liwiro lovotera komanso zomwe zatchulidwa pamagetsi ake okondweretsa.
Chisangalalo System Voltage Response Ratio
* Chiŵerengero cha mayankhidwe a voteji ya makina osangalatsa ndi kuchuluka kwa voteji yomwe imachokera ku curve yoyankha yamagetsi yogawidwa ndi voteji yotenthetsera. Ndichizindikiro chachikulu cha machitidwe osangalatsa a machitidwe amphamvu.
Gawani Transformer
* Transformer yogawanika ndi chosinthira chamagetsi chamitundu yambiri chokhala ndi ma voliyumu amodzi okwera kwambiri komanso ma voliyumu awiri kapena kupitilira apo - ma voliyumu amtundu womwewo komanso mphamvu pagawo lililonse. Imatumiza mphamvu pakati pa mafunde apamwamba - ndi otsika - ma voliyumu nthawi zonse koma amaletsa mafunde afupiafupi panthawi yamavuto. The low-voltage windings amadziwikanso kuti split windings.
Wodzipatula
* Chodzipatula ndi chipangizo chosinthira chomwe, pamalo otseguka, chimakhala ndi mtunda wokhazikika wokhazikika komanso kupuma kowonekera pakati pa omwe amalumikizana nawo. Pamalo otsekedwa, imatha kunyamula mafunde abwinobwino komanso mafunde amfupi. Ikhoza kusintha mabwalo ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono kapena pamene voteji pakati pa ma terminals a isolator sasintha kwambiri isanayambe kapena itatha kugwira ntchito, ikugwira ntchito komanso kudzipatula.
Ayi - Tap Yosangalatsa - Kusintha Chipangizo
* Chida chosasangalatsa - chosinthira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ma windings kuti azitha kuyendetsa magetsi pamene thiransifoma yatha. Amadziwikanso ngati chosasangalatsa tap changer. Chipangizochi ndi chosavuta kupanga, chotsika mtengo, komanso chodalirika kwambiri koma chimakhala ndi malire owongolera magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe malamulo amagetsi safunikira pafupipafupi.
Yatsegula - Load Tap - Kusintha Chipangizo
* Choyatsira pa-load - chipangizo chosinthira chimalola kuwongolera ma voltage pomwe thiransifoma ikugwirabe ntchito. Imatchedwanso on -load tap changer, imathandizira kusintha kwamagetsi popanda kusokoneza magetsi, potero kukhazikika kwamagetsi a gridi ndikuwongolera kudalirika komanso chuma chamagetsi.
Zida Zoyambira
* Zida zoyambira zimatanthawuza zida zomwe zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kupanga, kutumiza, ndikugawa mphamvu zamagetsi, monga ma jenereta, ma transfoma, ma switchgear, ndi zingwe zamagetsi.
Circuit Primary
* Dera loyambira ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kwamagetsi komwe kumayambira pa jenereta, kumadutsa ma transfoma ndi mizere yotumizira, ndikuthera pazida zamagetsi.
Zida Zachiwiri
* Zipangizo zachiwiri zimaphatikizapo zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika, kuyeza, kuyang'anira, kuteteza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira, monga zida, ma relay, zingwe zowongolera, ndi zida zamagetsi.
Sekondale Circuit
* Dera lachiwiri ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limapangidwa polumikiza zida zachiwiri motsatizana.
Low - Kusintha kwa Voltage
* Chosinthira ma voltage otsika ndi chipangizo chosinthira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kapena kuswa mabwalo okhala ndi ma voltages ochepera 1000 V AC kapena DC.
Contactor
* Cholumikizira ndi chosinthira chamagetsi chotsika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza mabwalo okhala ndi mafunde olemetsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo omwe amafunikira kuyambitsa ndi kuwongolera pafupipafupi.
Automatic Air Switch
* Makina osinthira mpweya, omwe amadziwikanso kuti automatic switch, ndi osinthasintha kwambiri - voltage switch. Ikhoza kusokoneza mafunde amtundu uliwonse komanso mafunde afupipafupi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi otsika, apamwamba - magetsi ngati chipangizo chachikulu chowongolera.
Kusintha kwa Magnetic
* Kusintha kwa maginito kutha ndi chosinthira chapadera - pole DC air automatic switch yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira ma jenereta.
Kupatula Switch
* Chosinthira chodzipatula ndi chosinthira chokhala ndi chopumira chowonekera ndipo palibe njira yozimitsira arc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthanitsa mabwalo ndi ma voltage koma osanyamula. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kulumikiza kapena kuletsa mizere yosatulutsidwa, ma voliyumu osinthira ma voltage, komanso ma transfoma opanda - katundu wocheperako. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupatula mphamvu yamagetsi panthawi yokonza zida.
High - Voltage Circuit Breaker
* Chowotcha chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chosinthira chamagetsi chapamwamba, chimatha kusokoneza kapena kutseka ma no - load and load currents of high-voltage circuit. Pakachitika vuto la dongosolo, imathanso kusokoneza mafunde amfupi - mafunde ozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera. Imakhala ndi arc yathunthu - yozimitsa komanso yokwanira pakali pano - kuswa mphamvu.
Arc - Suppression Coil
* Arc - kupondereza koyilo ndi chosinthira chosinthika chokhala ndi chitsulo chapakati, cholumikizidwa ndi gawo losalowerera ndale la thiransifoma kapena jenereta. Panthawi imodzi-gawo zolakwika zapansi, zimachepetsa mafunde apansi ndikuthandizira kutha kwa arc.
Chiyankhulo
* Choyatsira ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira chotsika kwambiri. Kutembenuka kwa koyilo kumatsekeredwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo koyilo yonse imatsekedwa kuchokera pansi. Ma reactor amalumikizidwa motsatizana m'mabwalo kuti achepetse mafunde amfupi.
Eddy Current Phenomenon
* Koloyo akamangirira pakati pa chitsulo cholimba, pachimake chitsulocho tingachione ngati chopangidwa ndi mphete zambiri zachitsulo zotsekeka zomwe zimayenderana ndi kumene kumachokera maginito. mphete iliyonse yachitsulo imapanga chipika chotsekeka. Pamene kusinthasintha kwamakono kumayenda kudzera mu koyilo, mphamvu ya maginito yodutsa mu mphete zachitsulo imasintha mosalekeza, kuchititsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mafunde mu mphete iliyonse yachitsulo. Mafunde opangidwa ndi awa amapanga vortex - ngati mapatani ozungulira chitsulo chapakati, chomwe chimadziwika kuti mafunde a eddy.
Eddy Current Loss
* Kutayika kwapano kwa Eddy kumatanthawuza kutayika kwa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a kutentha chifukwa cha mafunde a eddy pakatikati pachitsulo, mofanana ndi kutentha kwa mphamvu yapano yomwe ikuyenda kupyolera mu resistor.
Low - Panopa Grounding System
* Dongosolo lomwe malo osalowerera ndale amakhala osakhazikika kapena okhazikika kudzera pa arc - kupondereza koyilo.
High - Panopa Grounding System
* Dongosolo lomwe malo osalowerera ndale amakhazikika mwachindunji.
Armature Reaction
* Pamene palibe mphamvu yamagetsi, mpweya - gap main magnetic field imangopangidwa ndi chisangalalo chapano. Pamene zida zamakono zilipo, mpweya - gap main magnetic field ndi superposition of magnetic fields opangidwa ndi chisangalalo chamakono ndi armature panopa. Chikoka cha zida zankhondo pagawo lalikulu la maginito chimatchedwa armature reaction.
Induction Motor
* Imadziwikanso kuti mota ya asynchronous, imagwira ntchito motengera mfundo za mphamvu ya electromotive mu ma kondakitala odula mizere ya maginito ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ma conductor apano - onyamula maginito. Popeza liwiro la rotor nthawi zonse limakhala locheperako kuposa liwiro la synchronous kuti likhalebe ndikuyenda pakati pa maginito ndi ma rotor conductors, amatchedwa induction motor.
Kuthamanga kwa Synchronous
* Pamene mafunde a symmetrical magawo atatu aperekedwa ku mapiritsi atatu a symmetrical windings a motor induction, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira imapangidwa mumpata wa mpweya. Liwiro la mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira iyi limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mitengo yamoto. Kukwera kwa mitengo yamitengo, kumachepetsa liwiro. Liwiro ili limatchedwa liwilo lolumikizana.
Kuzembera
* Kuzembera kumatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha kusiyana pakati pa liwiro la synchronous (n1) ndi liwiro la injini (n) ku liwiro la synchronous, lofotokozedwa ngati peresenti: S = (n1 - n) / n1 × 100%.
Star - Delta Yoyambira
* Njira yoyambira pomwe ma stator windings amalumikizidwa ndi kasinthidwe ka nyenyezi poyambira ndikusintha kasinthidwe ka delta mukangoyambitsa.
Mayamwidwe Ration
* Chiyerekezo cha kukana kukana kuyesedwa kwa masekondi 60 mpaka masekondi 15 mutagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a DC pamtundu wotsekera.
Kugwira Ntchito Pansi
* Grounding anachita kuonetsetsa otetezeka ndi odalirika ntchito zida zamagetsi pansi yachibadwa ndi zolakwika, kupewa kuchitika kwa voteji mkulu chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwa zida.
Chitetezo Chokhazikika
* Kuyika zitsulo zotsekera kapena mafelemu a zida zamagetsi kuti mupewe ngozi yamagetsi yobwera chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kutchinjiriza.
Kugwirizana kwa Chitetezo
* Mu dongosolo lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi malo osalowerera ndale, kulumikiza mipanda yachitsulo kapena mafelemu a zida zamagetsi ndi kondakitala wosalowerera ndale. Uwu ndi muyeso wofunikira pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo chamunthu.
Electric Arc
* Arc yamagetsi imapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zipsera zam'mwamba.
Gawo Lotsatira
* Ndondomeko yomwe magawo a sinusoidal kuchuluka amadutsa mumtengo womwewo. Seti iliyonse ya ma asymmetrical atatu - gawo la sinusoidal voltages kapena mafunde atha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu a zigawo zofananira: zotsatizana, zotsatizana, zotsatizana, ndi ziro - motsatana.
Relay Pickup Current
* Mtengo wocheperako womwe ungapangitse kuti relay igwire ntchito.
Relay Yamakono
* Relay yomwe imagwira ntchito motengera kukula kwa pompopompo kudzera pa koyilo yake.
Voltage Relay
* Relay yomwe imagwira ntchito motengera mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Fast Relay
* Relay yokhala ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito yosakwana 10 milliseconds.
Chitetezo Chapompopompo
* Chitetezo chomwe chimagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo osachedwetsa nthawi ikafika pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa.
Chitetezo Chosiyanasiyana
* Chitetezo chomwe chimagwira ntchito potengera kusintha kwa magetsi panthawi yamavuto a zida.
Zero - Chitetezo Chotsatizana
* Chitetezo chomwe chimayankha paziro - mafunde otsatizana ndi ma voltages omwe ali ndi zolakwika zapansi pamakina amagetsi.
Kutetezedwa Kutali
* Chida choteteza chomwe chimawonetsa mtunda kuchokera pamalo olakwika kupita kumalo osungirako chitetezo.
Kutsekanso Mwadzidzidzi
* Chida chomwe chimangodzipangitsanso - chimatseka chowotcha chigawo pambuyo pa vuto - ulendo wopanda kulowererapo pamanja. Kutsegula kumatha kukhala gawo limodzi kapena kuphatikiza.
Kuphatikiza Kutsekera
* Ntchito yotsekera pomwe zolakwika za gawo limodzi zimayambitsa kupunthwa kwa gawo limodzi ndikutsekanso, ndikupunthwa kwa magawo atatu ngati sikunapambane; Kulakwitsa kwa gawo - mpaka - gawo kumayambitsa kupatuka kwa magawo atatu ndikutsekanso, ndipo kutsekanso kosapambana kumabweretsa kugunda kwa magawo atatu.
Kutsekanso Kuthamanga
* Pambuyo poyambiranso kulakwitsa kosatha, chipangizo choteteza chimagwiranso ntchito popanda kuchedwa kuti chiyendetse wophwanya dera ndipo sichiyesanso kutsekanso.
Chitetezo
* Dongosolo lachitetezo lomwe limakwaniritsa kukhazikika ndi zofunikira zachitetezo cha zida, kusankha ndikuchotsa mwachangu zolakwika pazida zotetezedwa ndi mzere wonse.
Chitetezo cha Backup
* Chitetezo chomwe chimachotsa zolakwika pamene chitetezo chachikulu chikulephera kugwira ntchito kapena wophwanya dera akakana kuyenda.
Mphamvu Factor
* Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito (P) ku mphamvu yowonekera (S).
Kusintha Ntchito
* Ntchito zosinthira zimatanthawuza machitidwe angapo omwe amachitidwa pomwe zida zamagetsi zikusintha kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina kapena mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito asinthidwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
* Transformer yopatsa mphamvu komanso yopatsa mphamvu.
* Mzere wopatsa mphamvu komanso wopatsa mphamvu.
* Kuyambira kwa jenereta, kufanana, komanso kudzipatula.
* Kutseka ndi kutsegula kwa netiweki.
* Kusintha kwamasinthidwe a Busbar (ntchito zotengera mabasi).
* Njira yosalowerera ndale imasintha ndikusintha kwa arc - kupondereza koyilo.
* Zosintha pakubweza chitetezo komanso makonda a chipangizocho.
* Kuyika ndi kuchotsa mawaya oyambira pansi.
Ayi - Kutaya Katundu
* Ayi - kutayika kwa katundu ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thiransifoma pamene voteji ya sinusoidal imayikidwa pa imodzi mwa ma windings ake (pamalo opopera) pamene ma windings ena ali otseguka - ozungulira. Imawerengera makamaka zotayika zazikulu (kutayika kwa eddy current ndi hysteresis).
Ayi - Katundu Panopa
* Ayi - katundu wapano ndiye mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imakhazikitsa kusuntha kwakukulu panthawi yamagetsi osanyamula katundu. The oveteredwa palibe - katundu panopa ndi avareji atatu - gawo mafunde anakokedwa ndi thiransifoma pamene oveteredwa pafupipafupi sinusoidal voteji umagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi mapiringidzo (pa oveteredwa wapampopi udindo) ndi windings ena lotseguka - circuited, anasonyeza monga peresenti ya oveteredwa panopa.
Chachidule - Kutayika kwa Dera
* Kutayika kwafupipafupi - kutayika kwa chigawo ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thiransifoma pamene ma frequency ovoteledwa amayenda kudzera m'mphepete mwake pomwe mafunde ena amakhala aafupi - ozungulira. Imayimira kutayika kwa mkuwa (kutayika kwa I²R) m'makomeko a thiransifoma pamalo opopera ovoteredwa ndi kutentha kwa 70°C.
Short - Circuit Voltage
* Short - circuit voltage ndi voteji yovotera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito panjira imodzi kuti ipangitse mphamvu yamagetsi panjira ina yaifupi yozungulira (pamalo opopera ovoteledwa), owonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yake. Imawonetsa magawo a transformer's impedance (kukana ndi kutayikira) ndipo imadziwikanso kuti impedance voltage (pa 70 ° C).