10 PLC System Zoyambitsa Zolakwika ndi Mayankho
10 PLC System Zoyambitsa Zolakwika ndi Mayankho
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma PLC akhala ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale. Pamene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale ma PLC nawonso ndi odalirika kwambiri, ntchito zosayenera zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Nazi zifukwa 10 zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika ndi zothetsera:
1. Kuthetsa Nkhani
Machitidwe a PLC ali ndi zofunikira zokhazikika. Dongosolo lodziyimira pawokha, lodzipatulira limalimbikitsidwa, ndipo zida zonse zokhudzana nazo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino. Kuyika pansi kolakwika kungayambitse mafunde osayembekezeka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zolakwika zamalingaliro kapena kuwonongeka kwa dera. Mfundo zoyambira ziyenera kukhala zoyandikana. Machitidwe a PLC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo imodzi. Kuti athe kusokoneza odana ndi wamba, ma analogi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapansi wotetezedwa.
2. Kuthana ndi Zosokoneza
Masamba a mafakitale amakonda kusokoneza kwambiri - komanso kutsika - pafupipafupi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa kudzera pazingwe zolumikizidwa ndi zida zapatsamba. Kuphatikiza pa kuyika pansi koyenera, njira zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza ziyenera kuchitidwa pakupanga chingwe, kusankha, ndikuyika:
Pa zizindikiro za analogi, gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zotetezedwa kawiri.
Pa ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zotetezedwa.
Pazingwe zoyankhulirana za PLC, gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zopangira - zoperekedwa kapena zopindika zotchingidwa - zingwe ziwiri.
Osayendetsa mizere ya siginecha ya analogi, mizere ya siginecha ya DC, ndi mizere ya siginecha ya AC munjira yomweyo.
Zingwe zotetezedwa zomwe zimayambitsidwa kapena kuchokera ku makabati owongolera ziyenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zida popanda kudutsa ma terminal.
Zizindikiro za AC, zizindikiro za DC, ndi zizindikiro za analogi siziyenera kugawana chingwe chomwecho. Zingwe zamagetsi ndi zingwe zolumikizira ziyenera kuyendetsedwa padera.
Maupangiri okonza pamalopo kuti athane ndi zosokoneza akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotchinga pamizere yomwe yakhudzidwa ndikuyiyikanso, komanso kuwonjezera ma code oletsa kusokoneza pulogalamu.
3. Kuchotsa Inter - Wire Capacitance Kuti Mupewe Kusokonekera
Zingwe zili ndi kuthekera kobadwa pakati pa ma conductor. Ngakhale zingwe zoyenerera zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo ngati kutalika kwake kumadutsa malire ovomerezeka. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolowetsa za PLC, izi zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika, monga ma siginali olakwika kapena osowa. Mayankho akuphatikiza:
Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopindika.
Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa chingwe.
Kulekanitsa zolowetsa zosokoneza mu zingwe zosiyanasiyana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotetezedwa.
4. Kusankha Magawo Otulutsa
Ma module otulutsa amabwera m'mitundu itatu: transistor, triac, ndi relay:
Ma module amtundu wa Transistor amapereka liwiro losinthira mwachangu (nthawi zambiri 0.2 ms) koma amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri (0.2 - 0.3 A, 24 VDC). Ndioyenera zida zosinthira mwachangu ndi zida zofananira, monga ma inverters ndi zida za DC. Ganizirani za kutayikira kwa transistor panopa pa katundu.
Ma module amtundu wa Triac amalumikizana - ocheperako komanso oyenera kunyamula ma AC koma amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
Ma module amtundu wa Relay amathandizira katundu wa AC ndi DC ndipo amakhala ndi katundu wambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira wamba koma amakhala ndi liwiro losintha pang'onopang'ono (pafupifupi 10 ms), kuwapangitsa kukhala osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.
5. Kusamalira Inverter Kupitilira - Voltage ndi Kupitilira - Panopa
Pochepetsa mtengo womwe wapatsidwa kuti muchepetse injini, imalowa m'malo obwezeretsanso. Galimoto imadyetsa mphamvu ku inverter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voteji ya capacitor iwuke ndikuyambitsanso - chitetezo chamagetsi. Yankho: Ikani chopinga chakunja cha braking kuti muwononge mphamvu yobwezeretsanso.
Ma motors angapo ang'onoang'ono akalumikizidwa ndi inverter, cholakwika mu mota imodzi imatha kupangitsa kuti inverter iyende, kuyimitsa ma mota onse. Yankho: Ikani 1: 1 kudzipatula thiransifoma kumbali yotulutsa inverter kuti mulekanitse mafunde olakwika kuchokera ku inverter.
6. Zolemba Zolemba ndi Zotulutsa Kuti Mukhale Osavuta
Machitidwe a PLC amatha kukhala ovuta, okhala ndi zolowetsa zambiri komanso zotulutsa zotulutsa. Kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto:
Pangani tebulo pogwiritsa ntchito schema yamagetsi ndikuyiyika pa gulu lolamulira kapena kabati. Lembani nambala iliyonse ya PLC yolowetsa ndi kutulutsa pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mayina achi China.
Konzani zolowetsa za PLC - zotulutsa logic ntchito tebulo kuti muwonetse maubwenzi omveka pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotuluka panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi matebulowa, akatswiri amagetsi odziwa bwino ntchito amatha kukonza popanda mapulani.
7. Kuzindikira Zolakwa Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mfundo za Pulogalamu
Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PLC yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zithunzi za makwerero za ma PLC apamwamba monga S7 - 300 nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa m'makhodi a mnemonic. Zithunzi zamakwerero zogwira mtima ziyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zaku China. Pakuwunika zolakwika zamagetsi, njira yoyang'ana kumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Yambirani pamalo olakwika, zindikirani zomwe PLC imatulutsa, ndikutsata maubale oyenera kuti ayambitse. Zochitika zimasonyeza kuti zolakwa zambiri zimachokera ku mfundo imodzi.
8. Kuweruza PLC Self - Zolakwa
Ma PLC ndi odalirika kwambiri ndi kulephera kochepa. Kuwonongeka kwa Hardware kapena zolakwika zamapulogalamu mu PLCs ndi CPUs ndizosowa. Malo olowetsa a PLC sangalephere pokhapokha atalowetsedwa kwambiri ndi ma voltage. PLC zotulutsa zolumikizirana zimakhala ndi moyo wautali pokhapokha zitalemedwa chifukwa cha mabwalo amfupi akunja kapena kusanja bwino. Mukathetsa mavuto, yang'anani kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi m'malo mongokayikira zida za PLC kapena zovuta zamapulogalamu. Njirayi imafulumizitsa kukonza ndikuchepetsa nthawi yopanga.
9. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mokwanira Mapulogalamu ndi Zida Zamagetsi
Malamulo osakhudzidwa ndi malupu owongolera kapena kutsegulidwa kuti lupuyo isachotsedwe ku PLC.
Pamalamulo angapo olamulira ntchito imodzi, alumikizitseni molumikizana kunja musanalumikizane ndi malo amodzi.
Gwiritsani ntchito zigawo zofewa za PLC ndi mayiko apakati kuti mupititse patsogolo kupitiliza kwa pulogalamu ndikuchepetsa chitukuko. Izi zimachepetsanso mtengo wa hardware.
Ngati n'kotheka, pangani chotuluka chilichonse modziyimira pawokha kuti muzitha kuwongolera, kuyang'anira, ndi chitetezo cha mabwalo ena.
Pazotulutsa zowongolera katundu wakutsogolo ndi kubweza, gwiritsani ntchito zolumikizirana mu pulogalamu ya PLC komanso kunja kuti mupewe kuyenda kwapawiri.
Poyimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi, gwiritsani ntchito chosinthira chakunja kuti mudule mphamvu kuti mutetezeke.
10. Njira Zina Zodzitetezera
Osalumikiza zingwe zamagetsi za AC ku malo olowera a PLC kuti mupewe kuwonongeka.
Malo oyikapo pansi ayenera kukhala okhazikika, osalumikizidwa ndi zida zina. Gwiritsani ntchito waya woyika pansi wokhala ndi gawo lochepera la 2 mm².
Mphamvu zowonjezera zili ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa - zida zamagetsi monga zowonera zamagetsi.
Osalumikiza mawaya ku ma terminal adilesi a PLC osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati palibe zida zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zidayikidwa mu gawo lotulutsa la PLC, phatikizani ma fuse kapena zinthu zina zoteteza mudera lakunja kuti mupewe kunyamula mabwalo amfupi kuti asawononge dongosolo.