An gaji da yin asara a zaɓin PLC? Bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi 8 masu amfani don yin zaɓi mai kyau!
An gaji da yin asara a zaɓin PLC? Bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi 8 masu amfani don yin zaɓi mai kyau!
An gaji da yin asara a zaɓin PLC? Bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi 8 masu amfani don yin zaɓi mai kyau!
Kafin zabar PLC, mataki na farko shine ayyana buƙatun tsarin. Da zarar wannan ya bayyana, za ka iya zaɓar masana'anta da samfurin. Amma ta yaya kuke yanke waɗannan shawarwari? Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken jagora don taimaka muku zaɓar PLC wanda ya dace da bukatunku, rufe masana'anta, samfura, maki I/O, da ayyukan sarrafawa.
1. PLC Manufacturers
Lokacin da aka ƙayyade masana'anta PLC, mahimman abubuwa kamar buƙatun mai amfani, masaniyar mai ƙirar tare da nau'ikan iri daban-daban, dacewa da samfuran tallafi, da tallafin sabis na fasaha yakamata a yi la'akari da su. Gabaɗaya, samfuran manyan kamfanoni na duniya abin dogaro ne. Don ƙarami, kayan aiki masu zaman kansu ko tsarin sarrafawa mai sauƙi, PLC na Japan galibi suna ba da ƙima mafi kyau. Don manyan tsare-tsare tare da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da buƙatun sadarwa, PLCs na masana'antu daga Turai da Amurka sun fi yin fa'ida saboda ƙwarewar sadarwar su.
Don masana'antu na musamman kamar ƙarfe ko taba, yana da kyau a zaɓi tsarin PLC tare da ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen rikodin waƙa a waɗannan sassan.
2. Mahimman Shiga/Fitowa (I/O).
Adadin maki I/O shine ainihin ma'auni na PLC. Don ƙayyade maki I/O da ake buƙata, ƙididdige adadin adadin I/O da ake buƙata don kayan sarrafa ku. Yawanci, yakamata ku haɗa da 10% zuwa 20% gefe don haɓakawa. Lokacin yin oda, ya kamata kuma a yi gyare-gyare dangane da halayen samfurin PLC na masana'anta.
3. Yawan Ma'ajiya
Ƙarfin ajiya na PLC yana nufin raka'a ma'ajiyar kayan masarufi da yake bayarwa. Ƙarfin shirin, ma'ajiyar da aka yi amfani da ita don aikace-aikacen mai amfani, ya yi ƙasa da jimillar ƙarfin ajiya. Tun da ikon shirin ba a san shi ba a lokacin tsarin ƙira (kafin a rubuta shirin aikace-aikacen mai amfani), an ƙididdige shi bisa ƙarfin ajiya. Ƙididdiga gama gari shine: (yawan maki I/O dijital × 10-15) + (yawan maki I/O analog × 100) = jimlar kalmomi (bits 16 a kowace kalma), tare da ƙarin 25% gefe.
4. Ayyukan Gudanarwa
Lokacin zabar PLC, la'akari da halaye masu zuwa: ayyuka na lissafi, ayyukan sarrafawa, damar sadarwa, fasalin shirye-shirye, kayan aikin bincike, da saurin sarrafawa.
Ayyukan Lissafi
Basic PLCs yawanci suna tallafawa ayyukan ma'ana, lokaci, da kirgawa. PLCs na tsakiya kuma sun haɗa da canjin bayanai da ayyukan kwatance. Ayyukan ƙididdiga na ci gaba kamar ayyukan algebra da watsa bayanai sun zama ruwan dare a cikin manyan PLCs. Manyan PLCs har ma suna tallafawa ayyukan PID don sarrafa analog da sauran ƙididdiga masu ci gaba. Dangane da aikace-aikacen, yawancin yanayi suna buƙatar dabaru kawai da ayyuka na ƙidayar lokaci, yayin da ana iya buƙatar watsa bayanai da kwatantawa a wasu.
Ayyukan Gudanarwa
Ayyukan sarrafawa sun haɗa da kulawar PID, ramuwa na ciyarwa, sarrafa rabo, da sauransu. PLCs ana amfani da su da farko don sarrafa dabaru na jeri. A yawancin lokuta, masu kula da madauki ɗaya ko madauki da yawa suna ɗaukar ayyukan sarrafa analog. Don hadaddun ayyuka na sarrafawa, na'urorin shigarwa/fitarwa na hankali (misali, raka'a PID ko ƙididdiga masu sauri) na iya haɓaka saurin sarrafawa da adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Ayyukan Sadarwa
Tsarukan PLC na tsakiya zuwa manya yakamata su goyi bayan manyan motocin fage da yawa da daidaitattun ka'idojin sadarwa (misali, TCP/IP) kuma yakamata su kasance masu iya haɗawa zuwa cibiyoyin sarrafa masana'anta idan ya cancanta. Abubuwan mu'amalar sadarwa yakamata su haɗa da serial/parallel ports, Ethernet masana'antu, da sauransu. Don sakewa da dogaro, motocin sadarwa yakamata su bi ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma su cika buƙatun nesa.
Ayyukan Shirye-shiryen
PLC tsarinmming za a iya yi ta layi (raba CPU tsakanin PLC da mai tsara shirye-shirye) ko kan layi (CPUs daban-daban don PLC da masu tsara shirye-shirye). Madaidaitan harsunan shirye-shirye guda biyar sune Chart Function Chart (SFC), Ladder Diagram (LD), Aiki Block Diagram (FBD), Lissafin koyarwa (IL), da Rubutun Tsare-tsare (ST). Da kyau, PLC ya kamata kuma ta goyi bayan ƙarin harsuna kamar C ko Basic don aikace-aikace na musamman.
Ayyukan bincike
PLC bincike yana rufe duka hardware da software. Binciken kayan aikin yana gano kurakurai ta hanyar duba ma'ana, yayin da binciken software ya haɗa da bincike na ciki (wanda ke da alaƙa) da na waje (mai alaƙa da sadarwa). Ƙarfin bincike mai ƙarfi yana rage lokacin kulawa da buƙatun fasaha don masu aiki.
Gudun sarrafawa
Gudun sarrafa PLC yana rinjayar aikin ainihin lokacin. Idan tsawon siginar ya fi guntu da zagayowar binciken PLC, ana iya rasa siginar. Gudun sarrafawa ya dogara da abubuwa kamar tsayin shirin da damar CPU. PLCs na zamani suna ɗaukar umarnin binary a cikin 0.2-0.4 micro seconds, suna saduwa da buƙatun sarrafawa mai sauri. Lokacin zagayowar dubawa yakamata ya zama ≤0.5ms/K don ƙananan PLCs da ≤0.2ms/K don manyan tsarin.
5. Nau'in PLC
PLCs an kasaftasu cikin hadedde da iri iri. PLCs masu haɗaka suna da iyakancewa da ƙayyadaddun maki I / O, suna sa su dace da ƙananan tsarin sarrafawa (misali, Siemens S7-200, jerin Mitsubishi FX). Modular PLCs suna ba da daidaitawar I/O masu sassauƙa ta hanyar sauye-sauye masu canzawa kuma suna da kyau don manyan tsarin (misali, Siemens S7-300/S7-400, jerin Mitsubishi Q).
6. Zabin Module
Digital I/O Modules
Na'urorin I/O na dijital sun bambanta da ƙayyadaddun bayanai (misali, fitarwar relay, fitarwar transistor) da maki I/O (maki 8, 16, 32). Abubuwan da ake fitarwa na relay suna da tsada amma suna da gajeriyar tsawon rayuwa, yayin da kayan aikin thyristor ke da sauri amma sun fi tsada. Ya kamata zaɓi ya yi daidai da buƙatun aikace-aikacen.
Analog I/O Modules
Modulolin shigar da Analog suna ɗaukar sigina kamar 4-20mA halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki 0-10V. Samfuran fitarwa na Analog ma suna ba da siginar halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki. Modules sun bambanta a ƙidaya tashoshi (2, 4, 8 tashoshi) kuma yakamata a zaɓa bisa takamaiman buƙatu.
Modulolin Ayyuka
Ayyukan aiki sun haɗa da sadarwa, sakawa, fitarwar bugun jini, ƙidayar sauri mai sauri, sarrafa PID, da na'urorin sarrafa zafin jiki. Lokacin zabar, la'akari da dacewawar hardware da software.
7. Ayyukan Ragewa
Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, ana iya aiwatar da sakewa don raka'a masu sarrafawa (misali, 1B1 redundancy don CPU da samar da wutar lantarki) da musaya na I / O. Sabuntawa mai yawa yana haɓaka amincin tsarin.
8. Gabaɗaya Dokokin
Da zarar an fayyace nau'in PLC da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da sigogi na kowane ɓangaren dangane da buƙatun sarrafawa. Lokacin zabar kayayyaki, ba da fifiko:
- Ingantaccen Tattalin Arziki: Ma'auni ma'auni na ayyuka na farashi, faɗaɗawa, da sauƙin aiki.
- Sauƙin amfani: Sauƙaƙe ƙira da rage abubuwan sarrafawa na waje.
- Daidaitawa: Yi amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan iri don sauƙaƙe saye da kulawa.
- Daidaituwa: Tabbatar da duk abubuwan haɗin gwiwa sun dace, da kyau daga masana'anta iri ɗaya.