Ƙarfafa Tazarar: Ilimin Sadarwar Serial PLC na Mahimmanci don Ƙwararrun Lantarki
Ƙarfafa Tazarar: Ilimin Sadarwar Serial PLC na Mahimmanci don Ƙwararrun Lantarki
Serial Communication Basics
Serial sadarwa yarjejeniya ce ta gama gari don musayar bayanan na'ura - zuwa na'urar. Ba kamar USB ba, yawancin kwamfutoci suna da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na RS232 guda biyu. Hakanan ana amfani da serial ports a cikin kayan aiki da bayanan nesa - kayan saye.
Mabuɗin Ma'auni na Serial Sadarwa
Don ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwar serial, dole ne ma'auni masu zuwa su daidaita a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa:
Baud Rate: Yana auna bayanai - saurin watsawa a cikin ragowa cikin daƙiƙa guda. Misali, baud 300 yayi daidai da bit 300 a sakan daya. Adadin Baud yana shafar mitar samfur kai tsaye akan layin bayanai. Matsakaicin adadin baud, wanda ke sauƙaƙe sadarwar gajeriyar nisa, mai girma - saurin sadarwa, sun yi daidai da nisan watsawa.
Data Bits:wakiltar ainihin bayanai a watsa. Madaidaitan ƙimar su ne 5, 7, ko 8 bits. Misali, daidaitaccen ASCII yana amfani da 7 ragowa, yayin da tsawaita ASCII yana amfani da 8. Zaɓin ya dogara da takamaiman bayanai - buƙatun watsawa.
Tsaida Bits:Alama ƙarshen fakitin bayanai, yawanci tare da ƙimar 1, 1.5, ko 2 rago. Suna taimaka wa na'urori su daidaita agogo yayin sadarwa. Ƙarin raguwar tsayawa yana ƙara haƙuri ga agogo - bambance-bambancen lokaci amma rage bayanai - ƙimar watsawa.
Bambanci Bit:Kuskure mai sauƙi - hanyar dubawa. Zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da ko da, m, babba, ƙarami, ko babu. Ko da madaidaicin daidaito suna saita madaidaicin bit don tabbatar da madaidaicin adadin maɗaukaki na ma'ana a cikin bayanan da aka watsa. Maɗaukaki da ƙananan daidaito suna saita ɗan ƙara zuwa babba ko ƙasa mai ma'ana, ƙyale na'urori masu karɓa su gano yuwuwar kutsawar sadarwa ko lalata aiki.
Common PLC Interfaces
RS-232:Ma'auni na RS-232 na kowa ne akan IBM - PC da tsarin da suka dace. Yana goyan bayan aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar haɗa mice, firintoci, modem, da kayan aikin masana'antu. Yayin da RS-232 ke ba da damar sadarwa-zuwa- maƙasudi tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na PC da na'urori, iyakar watsawarsa shine ƙafa 50.
RS-422:RS - 422, ana amfani da shi a cikin kwamfutocin Apple Macintosh, yana ɗaukar siginar banbanta. Ba kamar RS - 232's single - ƙare ƙasa - siginar da aka ambata, RS - 422 na watsawa daban yana amfani da layi biyu don aikawa da karɓar sigina. Wannan yana haɓaka rigakafi na amo kuma yana faɗaɗa nisan watsawa, yana sa ya dace da saitunan masana'antu.
RS-485:RS-485 yana haɓakawa akan RS-422 ta hanyar tallafawa har zuwa na'urori 32 da ayyana halayen lantarki don matsakaicin - na'urar - ƙidayar yanayin don tabbatar da isasshen wutar lantarki. Yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sadarwar na'urori ta amfani da tashar RS - 422 guda ɗaya. Tare da amo mai ƙarfi - rigakafi da goyon bayan na'urori da yawa, RS - 485 yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen masana'antu kamar gina hanyoyin sadarwar na'urori masu rarraba da aka haɗa zuwa PC, bayanai - masu kula da tattarawa, HMIs, da sauran tsarin aiki. RS-485 babban tsari ne na RS-422, yana ba da damar sarrafa duk na'urorin RS-422 tare da nisan watsawa sama da ƙafa 4,000.